2013-2022年深圳市托幼儿童传染病流行特征及趋势分析  

Analysis on epidemic characteristics and trend of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022

作　　者：温莹[1,2] 罗日景 程雁鹏 杜昕蓉 陈志高 张振[1] 吕秋莹[1,2] WEN Ying;LUO Ri-jing;CHENG Yan-peng;DU Xin-rong;CHEN Zhi-gao;ZHANG Zhen;LV Qiu-ying(Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518055,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]深圳市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,广东深圳518055 [2]南方医科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510515

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第1期149-155,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：深圳市医学重点学科(SZXK064);深圳市医疗卫生三名工程(SZSM202011008);深圳市科技创新委员会重点项目(JCYJ20210324115411030)。

摘　　要：目的分析深圳市托幼儿童传染病的发病趋势和流行特征,为科学开展托幼儿童传染病防控工作提供参考。方法采用描述性流行病学方法及Joinpoint回归模型,对2013—2022年深圳市托幼儿童传染病监测数据进行分析。结果2013—2022年深圳市累积报告托幼儿童传染病31种共249614例,年均报告发病率为4981.47/10万,趋势变化较平稳(APC=7.19%,P>0.05)。疾病发病以呼吸道及肠道传染病为主,分别占病例总数的53.93%和46.00%。累积报告发病数居前五位的依次为手足口病、流行性感冒、水痘、其他感染性腹泻病及流行性腮腺炎。其中,手足口病及流行性腮腺炎发病率呈缓慢下降趋势,但趋势检验无统计学意义(APC分别为-9.70%、-3.98%,P>0.05);流行性感冒及水痘均呈“升-降”趋势,转折点在2019年,2013—2019年流行性感冒的上升趋势有统计学意义(APC=166.11%,P=0.005),2019—2022年水痘的下降趋势有统计学意义(APC=-52.42%,P=0.022);其他感染性腹泻病呈上升趋势(APC=19.15%,P=0.002)。托幼儿童传染病发病呈双峰型,夏季及冬春季为发病高峰。女童中肠道传染病占发病总数的比例低于男童(P<0.001),三岁及以上儿童肠道传染病占发病总数的比例低于三岁以下儿童(P<0.001)。结论深圳市托幼儿童传染病总体发病水平较高,应进一步提高深圳市托幼儿童EV71、流感及水痘疫苗的接种率,同时采取监测预警、健康教育及机构卫生管理等综合防控措施,有效控制托幼儿童常见传染病的发生和流行。Objective To analyze the incidence trend and epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Shenzhen,to provide reference for scientific prevention and control of infectious diseases.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the surveillance data of infectious diseases among children in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022.Results A total of 249614 cases of 31 infectious diseases were reported in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022,with an average annual reported incidence of 4981.47/100000,showing a stable trend[annual percentage change(APC)=7.19%,P>0.05].The main diseases were respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases,accounting for 53.93%and 46.00%of the total cases,respectively.The top five cumulative reported cases were hand-foot-mouth disease,influenza,chicken pox,other infectious diarrheal diseases,and mumps.Among them,the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease and mumps decreased slowly,but the trend test was not statistically significant(APC was-9.70%and-3.98%,respectively,P>0.05).Influenza and chickenpox showed a“rising-falling”trend,with the turning point in 2019.The rising trend of influenza from 2013 to 2019 was statistically significant(APC=166.11%,P=0.005),and the downward trend of chickenpox from 2019 to 2022 was statistically significant(APC=-52.42%,P=0.022).Other infectious diarrheal diseases showed an upward trend(APC=19.15%,P=0.002).The incidence of infectious diseases in kindergarten children showed a bimodal type,with a peak in summer and winter-spring.The proportion of intestinal infectious diseases in girls was lower than that in boys(P<0.001).The proportion of intestinal infectious diseases in children aged 3 years and above was lower than that in children under 3 years old(P<0.001).Conclusion The overall incidence of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Shenzhen is relatively high.The vaccination rate of EV71,influenza,and varicella vaccine should be further improved.At the same time,comprehensive pre

关 键 词：传染病 监测 Joinpoint回归模型 发病率 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科]