物权登记错误行政赔偿裁判规则争议问题之再认识  

Re-recognition of the Dispute over the Rules of Administrative Compensation for Errors in Real Right Registration

作　　者：戚建刚[1] 兰皓翔 Qi Jiangang;Lan Haoxiang

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学国家治理学院 [2]中南财经政法大学法学院应急法研究所

出　　处：《法治社会》2024年第1期92-103,共12页Law-Based Society

摘　　要：需要受害人穷尽其他法律救济途径才能判令行政机关承担因登记错误致损赔偿责任的司法实践于法无据;物权登记错误行政赔偿与民事赔偿或者刑事附带民事赔偿等救济途径具有同等独立法律价值,人民法院应当根据当事人诉请依法裁判;司法实践和司法规范将以房屋登记为代表的物权登记行政赔偿归责原则确立为过错归责原则缺少法律依据。确立结果归责原则理据在于:具有法律规范依据,更加符合《国家赔偿法》《民法典》立法宗旨;与国家赔偿责任构成要件相匹配;结果归责原则并不要求物权登记机构承担绝对责任。将登记错误行政赔偿责任作为一种补充责任涉嫌违反《行政诉讼法》和《国家赔偿法》规定,也会造成新的不公平。根据物权交易民事侵权人与登记机构(工作人员)是否具有实施故意侵权意思联络为标准,登记错误行政赔偿责任可以分为份额责任和连带责任。There is no legal basis in judicial practice that the victim needs to exhaust other legal relief ways to make the administrative organ to bear the liability for damages caused by registration errors.The administrative compensation for errors in real right registration has the same independent legal value as civil compensation or civil compensation attached to criminal law,and the people's court should adjudicate according to the claims of the parties.Judicial practice and judicial norms establish the imputation principle of administrative compensation for real right registration represented by housing registration as the principle of fault imputation without legal basis.The rationale for establishing the principle of result imputation is that it has the basis of legal norms,which is more in line with the legislative purpose of the Civil Code and the State Compensation Law,and matches the constitutive elements of the liability of state compensation.The principle of result imputation does not require the real right registration authority to bear absolute liability.Regarding the administrative compensation liability for registration errors as a supplementary liability suspected of violating the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Law and the State Compensation Law will also lead to new unfaimness.The administrative compensation liability for registration errors can be divided into share liability and joint liability according to whether the civil infringer of real right transaction and the registration agency(staff)have the intention ofinfringement.

关 键 词：物权登记错误 行政赔偿 结果归责原则 份额责任 连带责任 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]