论婚姻登记瑕疵的职权纠正——评梁某某诉徐州市云龙区民政局离婚登记行政确认案  

On the Ex Officio Rectification of the Defects in Marriage Registration

作　　者：程皓楠 Cheng Haonan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2024年第1期104-114,共11页Law-Based Society

摘　　要：登记机关依职权纠正有形式瑕疵的婚姻登记有利于兼顾私法自治与依法行政两方面的要求。梁某某诉徐州市云龙区民政局离婚登记行政确认案的实质争点在于婚姻登记的瑕疵能否适用职权纠正。依职权纠正有瑕疵的行政行为是依法律行政原则的要求,可以在现有法秩序中证立。类比撤销判决的形成力,职权废除瑕疵行政行为的同时可能需要履行重作义务,才是完整的纠正;类比情况判决制度,职权纠正权要受利益衡量的约束。离婚登记仅是私法行为的生效要件,系私法确认性行政行为,废除存在形式瑕疵的离婚登记并不会导致已消灭的婚姻关系复活。本案二审判决以法安定性约束被告的职权纠正权,值得商榷。The registration authority rectify the formally defective marriage registration ex officio,which is conducive to balancing the requirements of private law autonomy and law-based administration of government.Liang Moumou suing Xuzhou Yunlong District Civil Affairs Bureau on the divorce registration administrative confirmation case is whether the defects of marriage registration can be rectified ex officio.Rectifying defective administrative acts according to their functions and powers is in accordance with the requirements of the principle of legal administration and can be proved in the existing legal order.By analogy with the binding force of a judgement,the ex officio annulment of a defective administrative act may be accompanied by the obligation to redo it,in order to be a complete rectification;by analogy with the system of circumstance judgments,the right to rectify ex officio is subject to the weighing of interests.Divorce registration is only a requirement of validity of a private law act,which is a confirmatory administrative act of private law,and the abolition of a formally defective divorce registration will not lead to the resurrection of the extinguished marital relationship.The judgement of the second instance in this case is questionable as it restricts the defendant's power to rectify ex officio with legal certainty.

关 键 词：职权纠正 形成性行政行为 确认性行政行为 婚姻登记 拘束力 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]