城乡个体经营者从业行为的决策差异及动机——基于“推拉”理论的实证研究  

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Urban-rural Gap and Motivation on Individual Business Practices:Empirical Research Based on the"Push-Pull"Theory

作　　者：项云帆 XIANG Yunfan

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学经济与管理学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《决策与信息》2024年第2期70-85,共16页Decision & Information

基　　金：抚州社会科学基金(19SK21);东华理工大学博士科研启动基金“微观个体特征对个体决策行为及收入分化影响机理研究”(DHBK2019380)。

摘　　要：个体工商业在中国经济发展中占有重要地位,城乡居民从事个体工商业的动机包括主动拉入和被动推入。通过运用面板probit模型探讨影响个体工商业者从业行为的推拉因素,再运用非线性面板Probit Oaxaca-Blinder差异分解对城乡个体工商业从业行为差异进行分析后发现:个体工商业的从业行为受微观特征、社会经济和区域市场化发展程度影响,城乡存在显著差异;教育可以解释大部分城乡个体工商业从业行为差异,失业率与个体工商从业者的城乡户籍差异存在显著的负相关;“推拉”城乡居民从事个体工商业存在异质性,其可区分和解释个体工商业作用更偏重于创业还是谋生,并影响到个体工商业的成功与失败。同时,选择、进入和持续从事个体工商业决策的影响因素及城乡差异具有一致性,退出(涉猎)的行为受到更多因素影响。政策启示:1.从当前生育率下降及老龄化社会临近来看,抚养小孩人数增加有利于个体工商业,促进个体工商业政策有利于缓解生育率下降趋势;2.提升和完善区域市场化程度,可以为“双创”和个体工商业发展创造良好的环境,应在经济不发达地区大力推行当前的全国统一市场建设政策;3.教育是发展个体工商业、“双创”、减少城乡差异最重要的影响因素,应制定和提供更广泛、更普惠的社会大众教育政策,以帮助城乡个体经营者创业而不只是谋生。Individual businesses play an important role in China's economic development,and the motivations for urban and rural residents to engage in individual businesses include active attraction and passive promotion.By using the panel probit model to explore the push-pull factors that affect the employment behavior of individual entrepreneurs,and then using the nonlinear panel probit Oaxaca Blinder differential decomposition to analyze the differences in employment behavior between urban and rural individual businesses,it was found that the employment behavior of individual businesses is influenced by micro characteristics,socio-economic and regional marketization development,and there are significant differences between urban and rural areas;Education can explain most of the differences in the employment behavior of individual businesses in urban and rural areas.There is a significant negative correlation between the unemployment rate and the difference in the urban and rural registered residence of individual businesses;There is heterogeneity in the participation of urban and rural residents in individual businesses,which can distinguish and explain whether the role of individual businesses is more focused on entrepreneurship or livelihood,and affects the success or failure of individual businesses.At the same time,the influencing factors of choosing,entering,and continuing to engage in individual industrial and commercial decision-making,as well as urban-rural differences,are consistent,and the behavior of exiting(foraging)is influenced by more factors.Policy implications:1.From the current decline in birth rates and the approaching aging society,an increase in the number of children being raised is beneficial for individual businesses,and promoting individual business policies is beneficial for alleviating the downward trend in birth rates;2.Enhancing and improving the degree of regional marketization can create a favorable environment for"double innovation"and the development of individual businesses.The current n

关 键 词：个体工商业 城乡经济 城乡差异 推拉理论 创新创业 个体经济 就业问题 

分 类 号：F063.4[经济管理—政治经济学] C913.68[社会学]