美国布什政府对韩国反美主义的认识与应对——基于美国解密档案的解读  

The Bush Administration’s Understanding and Response to South Korea’s Anti-Americanism——An Analysis Based on Declassified US Archives

作　　者：詹德斌[1] 梁志[2] ZHAN De-bin;LIANG Zhi(Department of International Relations,Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 200336,China;Department of History,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际关系学系,上海200336 [2]华东师范大学历史学系,上海200241

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第1期108-117,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“美国对朝鲜半岛政策档案文献整理与研究”(1945-2001)(21&ZD245)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：上世纪80年代的韩国是全球最反美的国家之一。美国解密档案显示,里根政府总体上对韩国的反美主义采取置若罔闻的态度,但继任的布什政府则不一样。由于布什一上台就计划访问韩国,所以如何应对反美主义一开始就进入了决策视野。美国在详细分析韩国反美主义产生的原因和发展趋势后,采取了一些针对性措施,包括公开阐明美国与光州事件无关,降低美国在韩国公众视野中的存在感,修改《驻韩美军地位协定》,移交韩军平时作战控制权,满足韩国虚荣心等。美国的举措在一段时间内和一定程度上缓和了韩国人的反美情绪,但显然未能从根本上化解这一问题。因为美国对韩国反美主义产生根源的认识并不深刻,也不愿公开承认反美主义主要是美国造成的,所以采取的政策措施不够彻底。这导致潜伏的反美情绪遇到适合的气候和土壤时又会重新出现。South Korea in the 1980s was one of the most anti-American countries in the world.Declassified U.S.documents showed that the Reagan administration generally turned a deaf ear to South Korea’s anti-Americanism,but the Bush administration that succeeded it was different.Since Bush planned to visit South Korea as soon as he took office,how to deal with anti-Americanism entered the decision-making horizon from the beginning.After a detailed analysis of the causes and development trends of anti-Americanism in South Korea,the United States took some targeted measures,including publicly clarifying that the United States had nothing to do with the Gwangju incident,reducing the United States’visibility in South Korea’s public view,and revising the“U.S.–South Korea Status of Forces Agreement”,handing over peacetime operational control to the South Korean military,satisfying South Korea’s vanity,etc.The U.S.measures had eased the anti-American sentiments of Koreans for a period of time and to a certain extent,but they obviously failed to fundamentally resolve the problems.Because the United States did not fully understand the root causes of anti-Americanism in South Korea and was unwilling to publicly admit that anti-Americanism is mainly caused by the United States,the policy measures adopted were not thorough enough.This resulted in latent anti-American sentiment re-emerging when it encounters suitable climate and soil.

关 键 词：韩国 反美主义 美韩同盟 布什政府 光州事件 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学] K312.63[历史地理—世界史]