纳米铝热剂与猛炸药制备起爆药的表征及性能研究  

Characterization and Performance Study on Primary Explosives Prepared from Nano Aluminothermal Agents and High Explosives

作　　者：杨耀勇 汪泉[1,2] 李瑞[1,2,3] 徐小猛 YANG Yaoyong;WANG Quan;LI Rui;XU Xiaomeng(School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Anhui Huainan,232001;Laboratory of Explosive Materials and Technical Engineeringof Anhui Province,Anhui University ofScience and Technology,Anhui Huainan,232001;Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining,Anhui University ofScience and Technology,Anhui Huainan,232001)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]安徽理工大学安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室,安徽淮南232001 [3]安徽理工大学煤炭安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《爆破器材》2024年第1期23-29,35,共8页Explosive Materials

基　　金：安徽理工大学校级重点项目(xjzd2020-08);安徽理工大学人才引进基金;安徽省自然科学基金(2208085QA26);煤炭安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心开放基金(EC2021015);安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室开放基金(AHBP2022B-04)。

摘　　要：为了探究纳米铝热剂-猛炸药混合物代替起爆药的可能性,以纳米铝、纳米Bi_(2)O_(3)、工业级太安(PETN)和黑索今(RDX)为原料,通过物理混合法制备了Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-PETN和Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-RDX。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、热分析仪、敞开环境燃烧实验等方法对制备的Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-PETN、Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-RDX 2种样品进行表征和性能测试。结果表明:物理混合法制备的2种样品的形貌规整,Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)对PETN和RDX 2种猛炸药的包覆效果较好,且反应过程中生成大量的气态产物。Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-PETN的热稳定性比Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-RDX低,且静电感度均低于叠氮化铅和斯蒂芬酸铅。分别取2种样品81 mg装填于8#雷管中,通过铅板穿孔实验发现,2组样品均可使5 mm厚的铅板穿孔。根据5 mm的铅板穿孔直径判断,Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-RDX起爆能力优于Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-PETN。In order to explore the possibility of replacing primary explosives with mixed materials of nano alumino-thermal agents and high explosives,Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-PETN and Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-RDX were prepared by physical mixing using nano alu-minum powder,nano Bi_(2)O_(3),industrial grade PETN,and RDX as raw materials.The properties of the two prepared sam-ples were characterized and tested by methods such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),thermal analysis,and open environment combustion experiments.The results indi-cate that the morphology of the two samples prepared by physical mixing method is regular.Al/Bi_(2)O_(3) has a good coating effect on two types of explosive materials,PETN and RDX,and a large amount of gaseous products are generated during the reaction process.The thermal stability of Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-PETN is lower than that of Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-RDX,and the electrostatic sensi-tivity is lower than that of lead azide and lead stephenate.Two types of mixed materials,81 mg,were respectively loaded into 8#detonators for lead plate perforation experiments.It was found that both types of samples can cause perforation of 5 mm-thick lead plates.Based on the perforation diameter of the 5 mm-thick lead plate,the detonation ability of Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-RDX is superior to that of Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-PETN.

关 键 词：Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-PETN Al/Bi_(2)O_(3)-RDX 物理混合法 起爆药 

分 类 号：TQ563.9[化学工程—炸药化工]