经皮终板下植骨复位结合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗A3+B2型胸腰椎爆裂骨折  

Subcutaneous endplate bone graft reduction combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for A3+B2 thoracolumbar burst fractures

作　　者：孙厚杰 韩建华 蔡小军 李代君 樊锐 Sun Houjie;Han Jianhua;Cai Xiaojun;Li Daijun;Fan Rui(Department of Spinal Surgery,Zunyi First People’s Hospital and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou Province,China;Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou Province,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义市第一人民医院暨遵义医科大学第三附属医院脊柱外科,贵州省遵义市563000 [2]遵义医科大学,贵州省遵义市563000

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2024年第33期5357-5363,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：遵义市科技计划课题[遵市科合HZ字(2019)162号],项目负责人:孙厚杰。

摘　　要：背景:植骨是治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折重要环节之一,由于骨折累及椎管或伴脊髓神经损伤、骨折易出血等因素,使微创植骨在胸腰椎爆裂骨折治疗中受到限制。目前胸腰椎爆裂骨折的微创治疗仅限于通道下经皮螺钉固定,微创下经皮伤椎植骨少有报道,经皮终板下精准植骨暂未见报道。目的:探讨经皮终板下植骨支撑复位结合经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段固定治疗A3+B2型胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床效果。方法:2017年6月至2021年12月对90例A3+B2型无神经症状的胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者分组,根据入院时间分为3组,A组33例行C型臂X射线机透视下经皮穿刺通过椎弓根通道精准放置植骨漏斗,骨折终板下植骨支撑复位,经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段固定;B组30例行多裂肌间隙入路经椎弓根植骨支撑复位结合椎弓根螺钉短节段固定;C组27例行体位复位下经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段固定治疗。所有患者术后至少随访18个月,对3组患者的临床资料,包括术前、术后及末次随访Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值和疼痛目测类比评分等进行比较分析。结果与结论:①3组患者在年龄、性别、损伤节段和致伤因素方面差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②随访中所有患者无神经功能损害,无明显腰背后凸畸形及顽固性腰背部疼痛;③C组手术时间比A、B组少(P<0.05);术中出血量A、C组较B组少(P<0.05);④术前3组椎体前缘高度比值、Cobb角比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);术后A、B组优于C组;末次随访时A、B组优于C组(P<0.05);3组丢失的椎体前缘高度、Cobb角比较,A、B组小于C组(P<0.05);⑤术后患者疼痛目测类比评分A、C组优于B组(P<0.05),末次随访时疼痛目测类比评分3组之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑥C组有1例患者术后1个月复查内固定松动移位,椎体高度再次丢失伴背痛,经严格卧床6周,椎体高度丢失无加重,疼痛缓解,1年后取出内固定,末次随访高度丢失无�BACKGROUND:Bone grafting is one of the important steps in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.Because the fracture involves the spinal canal or is accompanied by spinal cord nerve damage,severe fracture bleeding and other factors,minimally invasive bone grafting for thoracolumbar burst fractures is restricted.At present,the minimally invasive treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures is limited to percutaneous screw fixation under the tunnel.Minimally invasive percutaneous bone grafting of injured vertebrae is rarely reported,and percutaneous precise bone grafting under the endplate has not yet been reported.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical effect of subcutaneous endplate bone graft support reduction combined with percutaneous pedicle screw short-segment fixation in the treatment of A3+B2 thoracolumbar burst fractures.METHODS:From June 2017 to December 2021,90 patients with A3+B2 type asymptomatic thoracolumbar burst fracture were randomly divided into 3 groups according to admission time.In group A,33 patients received the bone graft funnel accurately placed through the pedicle channel by percutaneous puncture under C-arm fluoroscopy,bone graft support reduction under the fracture endplate,percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.In group B,30 patients received multifissure intermuscular approach through pedicle bone graft support reduction combined with pedicle screw fixation.In group C,27 patients received percutaneous pedicle screw short-segment fixation under postural reduction.All patients were followed up for at least 18 months after surgery.The clinical data of the three groups,including preoperative,postoperative and last follow-up Cobb angle,anterior edge height ratio and visual analog scale pain score,were compared and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were no significant differences in age,sex,injury segment and causative factors among the three groups(P>0.05).(2)All patients at follow-up had no neurological impairment,no obvious lumbar posterior deformity or intractable low back pa

关 键 词：胸腰椎爆裂骨折 经皮终板下植骨 支撑复位 椎弓根螺钉 短节段固定 微创 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R683.2