热带地区油茶种质资源收集及评价  

Collection and evaluation of Camellia oleifera germplasm in the tropical areas of China

作　　者：李欣窈 张诗慧 赵欣 张敬涛 宋家明 赖杭桂[1] 周扬 胡海燕 刘进平[1] 吴文嫱[3] LI Xinyao;ZHANG Shihui;ZHAO Xin;ZHANG Jingtao;SONG Jiaming;LAI Hanggui;ZHOU Yang;HU Haiyan;LIU Jinping;WU Wenqiang(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228;College of Horticulture,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228;College of Life Sciences and Pharmacy,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570228 [2]海南大学园艺学院,海口570228 [3]海南大学生命科学与药学院,海口570228

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2024年第1期27-35,共9页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021XDNY273);2020年中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(琼[2020]TG03);海南省高新技术产业发展专项(kjcgzh017);国家热带植物种质资源库(NTPGRC2022-021)。

摘　　要：为了收集和评价中国热带地区油茶的种质资源,于2021年10月至2021年12月,在3个省(海南、广西和广东)的18个市县共收集了230份热带地区油茶(Camellia oleifera)种质资源,并对其地理分布、生存条件、形态学特征及经济性状的相关性、变异性进行了综合分析评价。结果表明:3个省18个市县的年均温度为21.2~24.3℃,年均降水量1304.2~2684.0 mm,海拔0.56~1090.00 m;油茶的伴生植物共计33种,其中被子植物共计29种。果实颜色主要以混合色为主,形状大都为似球型或桔形;其叶形指数存在明显差异。11个经济性状的变异系数在11.03%~145.10%之间,其中,叶形指数的变异系数较为稳定,而果实的果皮厚度是最重要的经济性状,它与果径、果高、鲜果质量、鲜籽重(质量)、鲜出籽率、籽数、千粒重(质量)均存在极显著正相关;果皮厚度和叶形指数存在显著相关。A germplasm survey of Camellia oleifera was made in tropical areas of China from October to December 2021,and their geographical distribution,habitats,morphological characteristics,and correlation and variability with the economic traits were analyzed for evaluation.A total of 230 tropical Camellia oleifera germplasm resources were collected in 18 cities and counties in three provinces(Hainan,Guangxi,and Guangdong).The analysis showed that the C.oleifera germplasm resources collected in the 18 cities and counties in the three provinces had an annual average temperature of 21.2 to 24.3℃,an annual average precipitation of 1,304.2 to 2,684.0 mm,and an altitude of 0.56 to 1,090.00 m.A total of 33 species of companion plants for C.oleifera were found,among which 29 species were plants of angiosperms.The fruit were mainly multicolored,and mostly spheroid or citrus-like in shape,and the leaf shape index was significantly different.The variation coefficients of 11 economic traits ranged from 11.03%to 145.10%,among which the variation coefficient of the leaf shape index was relatively stable.Fruit peel thickness was the most important economic trait,and was significantly positively correlated with fruit diameter,fruit height,fresh fruit weight,fresh seed weight,fresh seed yield,number of seeds,and thousand kernel weight.There was a significant correlation between fruit peel thickness and leaf shape index.

关 键 词：油茶 种质资源 热带地区 地理分布 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]