三亚湾近岸海域浮游植物群落特征的变化  

Characteristics of phytoplankton community in the offshore area of Sanya Bay

作　　者：洪鹏 曾茹 何金曼 李智杰 李亚军[2,3] 张秀霞 闫佳[4] 邓晓东 HONG Peng;ZENG Ru;HE Jinman;LI Zhijie;LI Yajun;ZHANG Xiuxia;YAN Jia;DENG Xiaodong(School of Marine Sciences,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570100,China;Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology/Hainan Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 570100,China;Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources,Haikou,Hainan 570100,China;School of Food,College of Tropical Oceanography,Sanya,Hainan 572000,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学海洋学院,海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所海南省海洋生物资源功能性成分研究与利用重点实验室,海口571101 [3]海南热带农业资源研究院,海口571101 [4]海南热带海洋学院食品学院,海南三亚572022

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2024年第1期100-108,共9页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31870344);农业农村部财政专项(NFZX2021,NHYYSWZZZYKZX2020);中国热带农业科学院公益项目(1630052019012)。

摘　　要：为研究海南三亚湾浮游植物的群落特征和水质状况,于2020年和2021年的4月对三亚湾近岸海域进行了2次网采取样调查。采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、优势度和丰富度指数对浮游植物群落特征和水质环境状况进行分析评价。镜检结果显示,2020年鉴定出浮游植物4门98种;2021年鉴定出浮游植物为3门65种;硅藻类在2次调查结果中均为优势类群。浮游植物优势种2020年为7种,2021年为9种,聚类分析与秩和检验(Kruskal-Wallis)结果显示,浮游植物群落结构2020年和2021年存在显著差异。2020年的多样性指数和丰富度指数分别为3.35和3.72,均高于2021年的多样性指数(3.27)和丰富度指数(2.5),而2020年的均匀度指数为0.59,低于2021年(0.66)的,且2021年比2020年的浮游植物平均细胞密度降低了41.95%。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,氨氮、电导率、总磷是影响三亚湾2020年和2021年浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子。以上结果表明,三亚湾2020年和2021年生态环境总体较为优良,浮游植物群落结构主要以硅藻门为主,水体处于贫营养状态,没有形成赤潮和出现水体富营养化的可能。In order to study the characteristics of phytoplankton community and water quality in Sanya Bay,Hainan Province,net sampling surveys were conducted in April 2020 and 2021,respectively.Samples of phytoplankton and seawater were collected in 4 stations,and their community characteristics and water quality and environmental status were analyzed and evaluated by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index,dominance index and richness index.Microscopic examination results showed that 98 species in 4 phyla of phytoplankton were identified in 2020 and 65 species in 3 phyla in 2021.Diatoms were the dominant group in both surveys.The number of dominant phytoplankton species was 8 in 2020 and 9 in 2021.Cluster analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the phytoplankton community structure in 2020 was significantly different from that in 2021.The diversity index and richness index in 2020 are 3.35 and 3.72,respectively,both of which are higher than those(3.27 and 2.5,respectively)in 2021,while the evenness index is 0.59,which is lower than that(0.66)in 2021.The average phytoplankton cell density in 2021 was 41.95%lower than that in 2020.The redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that ammonia nitrogen,conductivity and total phosphorus were the main environmental factors affecting the phytoplankton community structure in Sanya Bay in 2020 and 2021.All the results showed that the sea water in Sanya Bay is generally excellent ecologically in 2020 and 2021.The phytoplankton community structure is mainly composed of diatoms.The sea water has poor nutrients,indicating no possibility of occurrence of red tides or eutrophication.

关 键 词：三亚湾 浮游植物 水质 群落特征 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]