一种三回路式淡水循环养殖系统的构建及应用  

Development and application of a three-loop recirculating freshwater aquaculture system

作　　者：潘国英 文畅 黄薇薇 姚雪梅[2] 董丽丽 周梅阳 杨飞[1] PAN Guoying;WEN Chang;HUANG Weiwei;YAO Xuemei;DONG Lili;ZHOU Meiyang;YANG Fei(College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228;College of Oceanology,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海口570228 [2]海南大学海洋学院,海口570228

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2024年第1期122-132,共11页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2019198,ZDYF2020089)。

摘　　要：为满足人们对优质鱼类蛋白日益增长的需求和环保要求,在海南琼海构建了三回路式高密度循环水养殖系统,以微滤机反冲洗水作为反硝化碳源,建立了水循环处理、鱼粪污泥厌氧消化对鱼类生长和污染物控制的运行方式。在121 d的吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)养殖实验中,养殖密度达到107.7kg·m^(-3),存活率100%,饲料转化率(FCR)1.74;鱼缸中总氨氮(TAN)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)和硝酸盐氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)的平均浓度分别为0.95、0.15和43.01 mg·L^(-1)。每日外排水量为系统总水量的2.66%、养殖水量的6.67%;试验期间,厌氧消化单元内仅有少量污泥残留而无外排。微生物群落分析表明,共21个菌属参与了氮代谢,包括红细菌属(Rhodobacte)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和固氮螺旋菌属(Azospira)等。结果表明,该循环水养殖系统为罗非鱼等淡水鱼类养殖提供了一种潜在的生态可持续循环养殖模式。In order to meet the increasing demand for high-quality fish protein and environmental protection requirements,a pilot intensive three-loop recirculating freshwater aquaculture system(RAS)was developed in Qionghai,Hainan province,China.Backwashing water from a microfilter is used as the carbon source for the denitrification process,and an operation mode is established to ensure the treatment of water quality and fish sludge to comply with the requirements for fish growth and pollution control.Tilapia(Oreochromis mossambicus)was cultured in the pilot three-loop freshwater RAS for 121 days in an aquaculture experiment,and the fish growth,water quality and microbial communities in the system were observed and analyzed.The results showed that the tilapia had a survival rate of 100%,with the stocking density and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)being 107.7 kg·m^(-3) and 1.74,respectively.The average concentrations of total ammonia(TAN),nitrite(NO_(2)^(-)-N)and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)-N)were 0.95,0.15 and 43.01 mg·L^(-1) respectively.The volume for daily water drainage was 2.66%of the total water volume in the system,and 6.67%of the water volume in the fish tank.No fish sludge was discharged throughout the experiment,and only a small amount of sludge existed in the anaerobic digestion unit by the end of the experiment.Microbial community analysis showed that a total of 21 genera of microorganism were involved in nitrogen metabolism,including Rhodobacte,Flavobacterium and Azospira.These results implicated that the recirculating aquaculture system provides a potentially sustainable and ecological aquaculture mode for freshwater fish such as tilapia.

关 键 词：循环水产养殖系统 三回路式处理 反硝化 碳源 厌氧消化 

分 类 号：S964.9[农业科学—水产养殖]