2种生长环境条件下北陆蓝莓开花物候与生殖特性的对比研究  

Comparative Study on Flowering Phenology and Reproductive Characteristics of Blueberry in Beilu County Under Two Different Growth Environments

作　　者：张晏嘉 张子鹏 刘玉伟 杨姗霖 ZHANG Yan-jia;ZHANG Zi-peng;LIU Yu-wei(College of Landscape Architecture,Changchun University,Changchun,Jilin 130012;Archives,Changchun Normal University,Changchun,Jilin 130123)

机构地区：[1]长春大学园林学院,吉林长春130012 [2]长春师范大学档案馆,吉林长春130123

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第2期45-49,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省教育厅项目(JJKH20230664KJ);吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202201ZYTS468)。

摘　　要：为了对北陆蓝莓的开花物候与生殖特性进行研究,于2022年4—7月,分别在露地和温室2种环境下对北陆蓝莓4种水平的开花物候特征和单花的形态特征进行观察、统计和分析。结果表明,在露地环境下北陆蓝莓花期为5月下旬至6月中上旬,种群、个体、花序和单花4种水平上的开花持续时间分别为(25±1)、(20±1)、(12±1)和(10±1)d。在个体水平,开花振幅曲线为单峰式,开花同步指数为0.723,属于集中开花模式,具有较高的相对开花强度,其分布频率偏斜度为1.12。温室环境下,北陆蓝莓花期为4月下旬至5月上旬,花期较露地蓝莓种群提前约30 d。种群、个体、花序和单花4种水平上的开花持续时间分别为(17±1)、(12±1)、(10±1)和(10±1)d。开花振幅曲线为单峰式,开花同步指数为0.745,其分布频率偏斜度为1.23。北陆蓝莓单花具有特殊的花部结构,其形状呈坛状、铃形,根据花瓣开口大小可分为4个阶段,即开花前期、开花初期、开花盛期和开花末期。开花前期花瓣顶部未见开口;开花初期花瓣顶部开口1~2 mm,开花盛期花瓣顶部开口3~5 mm,开花末期,花瓣脱落。花序水平上开花数与坐果数、花期持续时间、始花期之间具有显著正相关关系。该研究结果可为北陆蓝莓在东北平原的品种选育、高效栽培措施的制定提供理论依据和实践基础。In order to study the flowering phenology and reproductive characteristics of Northland blueberry,from April to July in 2022,the flowering phenology characteristics and the morphological characteristics of single flower of Northland blueberry at four levels were observed,counted and analyzed in the open field and in the greenhouse respectively.The results showed that the flowering period of blueberry in the open field was from late May to early June,and the flowering duration at four levels of population,individual,inflorescence and single flower was(25±1),(15±1),(12±1)and(10±1)d,respectively.At the individual level,the flowering amplitude curve was a unimodal curve,and the flowering synchronization index was 0.723,which belonged to the centralized flowering mode with high flowering intensity,and the skewness of its distribution frequency was 1.12.Under the greenhouse environment,the flowering period of Northland blueberry was from late April to early May,which was about a month earlier than that of the outdoor blueberry population.The flowering duration was(17±1),(12±1),(10±1)and(10±1)d at population,individual,inflorescence and single flower levels,respectively.The flowering amplitude curve was a unimodal curve,the flowering synchronization index was 0.745,and the skewness of its distribution frequency was 1.23.The single flower had a special flower struc⁃ture,which was shaped like a jar and bell.It could be divided into four stages according to the size of the petal opening,that was before the flowering stage,the early flowering stage,the high flowering stage and the late flowering stage.The top of the petal did not open at the early flow⁃ering stage,the top of the petal opened 1-2 mm at the early flowering stage,the top of the petal opened 3-5 mm at the high flowering stage,and the petals fall off at the late flowering stage.On the level of inflorescence,there was a significant positive correlation between the number of flowers and the number of fruits,the duration of flowering period,and the init

关 键 词：北陆蓝莓 开花物候 露地环境 温室栽培 相对开花强度 开花同步性 

分 类 号：S663[农业科学—果树学]