大学排行榜的信用危机——美国顶尖高校与“美国新闻与世界报道”的纷争  

A Crisis of Credit in University Rankings——Top American Universities and U.S.News&World Report

作　　者：张睦楚 ZHANG Muchu

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学教育学部,云南昆明650500 [2]美国加州伯克利大学亚洲研究中心,伯克利加州94720

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2024年第1期1-13,I0002,共14页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：云南省教育科学规划单位资助项目“‘知识空间’与教育抗战:全面抗战时期近代教育报刊与云南地方教育研究(1937-1945)”(BE22074)。

摘　　要：“美国新闻与世界报道”的年度大学排名一直是美国高等教育的推动力,也成为了世界上最具影响力的大学排行榜之一,但近来排名背后的拉锯关系逐渐开始发生变化,全美各顶尖院校纷纷加入抵制排行榜的阵营,使得前者陷入了“声誉塌陷”危机。因利益诉求的冲突,大学、排行榜、公众及各方学者展开拉锯战,大学与排行榜在“社会公平”与“资源均衡”两者之间谨慎地游走似乎以达成平衡。以“美国新闻与世界报道”为代表的美国卓越大学排行榜作为一份纯商业运作的第三方声誉治理手段,必然要面向公众展现一定公信力,但又面临种种客观局限,不得不在声誉信用的“夹缝中”深受多边影响,接受社会与地区的“公正裁判”。U.S.News and World Report’s annual college rankings have long been the driving force of higher education in the United States,and have become the most influential and important university rankings in the world.However,recently the interests behind the rankings have gradually begun to change,and the top universities in the United States have joined the boycott camp,resulting in a crisis of"reputation collapse".The study plans to discuss the"credit crisis"encountered by the university rankings of US News and World Report,and tries to focus on the conflict of interest demands,the opinions and debates between the universities,the rankings,and the public and scholars.This paper discusses a series of issues related to how universities and rankings can strike a balance between"social equity balance"and"resource balance".In essence,as a means of reputation management for pure commercial operation,the rankings of American Excellent Universities must have some credibility with the public,which determines that it is deeply influenced by the public in the"crack"of reputation.At the same time,it also needs to walk carefully in the scope of evaluation objects,but also faces numerous difficulties and crises.

关 键 词：美国新闻与世界报道 大学排行榜 美国顶尖高校 高等教育体系 高校声誉 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]