植物篱防蚀措施对三峡库区坡耕地微地形的影响  

Effects of Hedgerow Anti-erosion Measures on Microtopography of Slope Farmland in the Three Gorge Reservoir

作　　者：刘凌佳 陶静 夏立忠 吴永红[1,2] LIU Lingjia;TAO Jing;XIA Lizhong;WU Yonghong(Ecological System Scientific Observation and Research Station of Zigui Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Hubei Province,Zigui,Hubei 443600,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北秭归三峡库区生态系统科学观测研究站,湖北秭归443600 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [3]华东交通大学,南昌330000

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第6期1329-1335,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41825021)资助。

摘　　要：本文对位于三峡库区陡坡地4种管理模式长期试验径流小区坡面地形相关参数进行了观测、分析。结果显示,与对照小麦–花生种植模式相比,采用套种紫花苜蓿植物篱、香椿植物篱能够极著降低水土流失,坡面地形沿篱基梯级化显著。而黑麦草–籽粒苋替代模式对水土流失控制效果不稳定,且坡面地形与对照无差异。小麦–花生套种紫花苜蓿、香椿植物篱处理的坡面均形成基于篱带部的篱坎,篱坎下部侵蚀较强,篱带上淤下蚀现象明显。其中小麦–花生套种香椿植物篱小区坡面形成2级植物篱淤积坎,坎宽幅平均达到420.8cm,淤积坎相对高差为40.4cm,平均坡度下降1.4度。小麦–花生套种紫花苜蓿植物篱坡面形成4级篱坎,平均坎宽幅为210.3 cm,平均相对高度为110.6 cm,平均坡长为238.1 cm,平均坡度下降0.3度。说明坡耕地采用植物篱技术能够减蚀截淤,显著改变微地形。针对微地形的变化,套作植物篱的坡耕地在后期宜实行坡改梯或梯级坡地配套完善灌排设施,利用已优选的植物品种设计木本与草本套种的复合植物篱,有望进一步改善土体根系分布,从而稳固篱坎,控制水土流失。该研究为植物篱技术后续管理措施优化提供了参考依据。In this paper,the parameters related to slope topography of the long-term test runoff plot of the four management models on steep slope area located in the head area of the Three Gorges Reservoir were observed and analyzed.The results showed that,compared with the control(wheat-peanut planting pattern),the interplanting of alfalfa hedgerows and Chinese toon hedgerows significantly reduced soil erosion,and slope terrain was significantly stepped along the hedgerow foundation.However,the effect of replacing ryegrass-grain amaranth was not stable on soil erosion control,and no difference was found compared with the control.The slopes treated with wheat-peanut interplanting alfalfa and Chinese toon hedgerows all formed hedgerows based on the hedgerows,the lower part of the hedges eroded strongly,and the phenomenon of silting and erosion on the hedgerows was obvious.Among them,the slope of the wheat-peanut interplanted Toon hedgerow plot formed a second-level hedgerow silt,with an average width of 420.8 cm,a relative height difference of 40.4 cm,and an average slope drop of 1.4 degrees.Wheat-peanut interplanting alfalfa plant hedgerows formed 4-level ridges with an average ridge width of 210.3 cm,an average relative height of 110.6 cm,an average slope length of 238.1 cm,and an average slope drop of 0.3 degrees.It shows that the hedgerow technology can reduce erosion and intercept silt,and significantly change the micro-topography.In view of the change of micro-topography,the sloping farmland interplanted with hedgerows should be transformed into terraces or cascaded slopes with complete irrigation and drainage facilities in the later stage.Using optimized plant varieties to design compound hedgerows interplanted with woody and herbaceous plants is expected to further improve soil quality.The distribution of the root system of the whole body,so as to stabilize the fence and control soil erosion.This study provides a reference for the optimization of follow-up management measures of hedgerow technology.

关 键 词：坡耕地 植物篱 微地形 三峡库区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]