U型渠道中直角三角形量水槽体型设计  

Shape design of right triangle measuring flume in U-shaped channel

作　　者：戚玉彬[1] QI Yubin(Yili Vocational and Technical College,Yili 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁职业技术学院,新疆伊犁835000

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第1期162-167,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01F03)。

摘　　要：量水槽体型设计是量水槽应用于灌区的重要环节,目前尚无完善的体型设计标准可依。为解决直角三角形量水槽实际应用中的体型设计问题,提出以淹没度、壅水高度和上游弗劳德数的限制条件为标准的量水槽体型设计准则。在2种型号、3种坡度的U型渠道上,利用钢模板修建5座直角三角形量水槽进行灌区试验;建立了包含渠道坡度的流量公式,拟合了淹没阈值、壅水高度和上游弗劳德数的经验公式。研究表明:含有坡度的流量公式精度较高,平均相对误差仅为1.88%,相对误差的最大值为5.56%,相对误差在±5%范围以内的数据比例为98%;拟合得到的3个经验公式描述了淹没阈值、壅水高度和上游弗劳德数与量水槽喉口宽度之间的定量关系,可用于量水槽体型设计。基于体型设计准则和经验公式,建立了最大流量和最小流量下淹没度小于相应淹没阈值、最大流量下壅水高度小于渠道岸顶超高、最小流量下上游弗劳德数小于0.5的直角三角形量水槽体型设计方法。研究成果可为类似量水槽体型设计提供参考。The shape design for measuring flume is an important part of the application of measuring flume in irrigation areas.At present,there is no perfect standard to follow.In order to solve the problem of shape design in the practical application of right triangle measuring flume,the design criterion of measuring flume shape was proposed based on the limitation of submergence degree,backwater height and upstream Froude number.On the U-shaped channels of two types and three slopes,five right triangle measuring flumes were built with steel formwork for irrigation area test.A flow formula including channel bottom slope was established,and the empirical formulas of submergence threshold,backwater height and upstream Froude number were fitted.The results showed that the accuracy of the flow formula with slope ratio was high,the average relative error was only 1.88%,the maximum relative error was 5.56%,and the proportion of data with relative error within±5%was 98%.The quantitative relationship between the submergence threshold,backwater height,upstream Froude number and the throat width of the measuring flume was obtained through three empirical formulas,which can be used for the shape design of the measuring flume.Based on the shape design criteria and empirical formulas,a right triangle measuring flume shape design method was established,in which the submergence degree was less than the corresponding submergence threshold under the maximum flow rate and the minimum flow rate,the backwater height was less than the super height of the channel bank top under the maximum flow rate,and the upstream Froude number was less than 0.5 under the minimum flow rate.The research results can be used for similar measuring flume shape design.

关 键 词：直角三角形量水槽 U型渠道 喉口宽度 淹没阈值 壅水高度 弗劳德数 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]