基于冲能吸能平衡效应的冲击地压巷道分级支护研究  

Graded support of rock burst roadway based on balance theory of impact energy and absorbed energy

作　　者：高明仕[1,2,3] 俞鑫 徐东 贺永亮 赵世帆 GAO Ming-shi;YU Xin;XU Dong;HE Yong-liang;ZHAO Shi-fan(School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Resource and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;Rock Burst Roadway Support Research Center,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;The University of Tokyo,Earthquake Research Institute,Tokyo,Japan;School of Engineering for Safety and Emergency Management,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国矿业大学冲击岩爆巷道支护研究中心,江苏徐州221116 [4]东京大学地震研究所,日本东京 [5]太原科技大学安全与应急管理工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《岩土力学》2024年第1期38-48,共11页Rock and Soil Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.51564044);华能集团总部科技项目(No.HNKJ20-H87);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(No.KYCX21_2364)。

摘　　要：冲击地压是煤炭开采过程中发生的一种动力灾害,主要是由积聚在煤岩中的弹性变形能突然急剧释放造成的,约90%发生在巷道中。巷道冲击破坏不仅与冲击能量直接相关,还与冲击距离远近紧密相关,提出能距比的概念,即冲击震源释放能量与其至巷道距离的比值。根据冲击地压动静载叠加机制和冲能吸能平衡理论,综合考虑冲击震源能距比量级、巷道破坏程度、支护构件吸能、弱结构吸能等特性,建立了巷道围岩冲击矿震稳定性控制模型,分析了冲能、吸能的构成和计算过程,搭建了冲击地压能级与巷道支护强度之间的对应关系,确定了“四高锚网+”为主导技术的煤矿巷道防冲抗震支护体系。根据能距比量级大小,将冲击地压巷道支护安全可靠性分为P1~P4级别,分级对应采取不同支护强度的“四高锚网+”组合支护技术。“四高”锚网支护可对应能距比为102量级的无冲击巷道,“四高锚网+1”(O型钢棚、吸能防冲单元架、围岩弱结构)对应能距比为103量级的冲击地压,“四高锚网+2”对应能距比为104量级的冲击地压,“四高锚网+3”对应能距比为105量级的冲击地压,106及以上量级的冲击危险必须停产、撤人远场处理。结合工程实例进行了巷道防冲支护方案和参数设计,初步验证了理论研究成果的可行性和实用性。研究成果可为我国煤矿冲击地压巷道支护理论研究和工程实践提供一定的参考指导。Rock burst is a dynamic disaster that occurs during coal mining,characterized by the sudden and violent release of elastic deformation energy accumulated in coal and rock.The majority of rock bursts,approximately 90%,happens in roadways.Roadway impact failure is not only influenced by impact energy,but also by the distance from the impact source.To address this,the concept of energy distance ratio is introduced,which represents the ratio of energy released by the impact source to the distance to the roadway.By considering the static load superposition mechanism of rock bursts and the balance theory of impulse energy absorption,various factors are taken into account,including the characteristics of the impact source energy distance ratio,roadway failure degree,energy absorption of supporting components,and energy absorption of weak structures.Based on these considerations,a corresponding relationship between the energy level of rock bursts and roadway support strength is established.The roadway support technology based on“four high anchor mesh+”is determined,which includes the use of high-strength anchor mesh combined with other support elements.The safety and reliability of roadway support technology under rock bursts are classified into P1-P4 levels according to the energy distance ratio of the impact source.Each level corresponds to the“four high anchor mesh+”combined support technology with different support strength.The research findings suggest that“four high”anchor mesh support is suitable for non-impact roadways with energy distance ratios in the magnitude of 102 rock bursts.“Four high anchor mesh+1”combined support,which includes O-shaped steel sheds,energy absorption and anti-impact unit frames,and weak surrounding rock structures,can prevent 103 magnitude rock bursts.“Four high anchor mesh+2”combined support is effective against 104 magnitude rock bursts,while“four high anchor mesh+3”combined support can prevent 105 magnitude rock bursts.Rock bursts with magnitudes of 106 and abo

关 键 词：冲击地压 巷道围岩控制 冲能吸能平衡 能距比 分级支护 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]