油桐芽苗砧嫁接育苗技术及解剖结构观察  

Grafting Techniques of Tung Tree Seedlings with Hypocotyle Rootstocks and the Anatomical Structure

作　　者：李泽[1,3] 马芳芳 张慧 骆承睿[1,3] 刘烨瑶 米小琴 李乐生 舒含玉 谭晓风 Li Ze;Ma Fangfang;Zhang Hui;Luo Chengrui;Liu Yeyao;Mi Xiaoqin;Li Lesheng;Shu Hanyu;Tan Xiaofeng(Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees,Ministry of EducationThe Belt and Road International Union Research Center for Tropical Arid Non-Wood Forest in Hunan ProvinceHunan Southern Hilly and Mountain Ecological Economic Forest Industry Engineering Technology Research CenterCentral South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004;Forest Ecology Research Experimental Station of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan Province,Yongshun 416700;Hunan Wugang Tung Trees Science and Technology Backyard,Wugang 422409)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室湖南省“一带一路”热带干旱经济林国际联合研究中心湖南省南方丘陵山地生态经济林产业工程技术研究中心,长沙410004 [2]湖南湘西自治州森林生态研究实验站,永顺416700 [3]湖南武冈油桐科技小院,武冈422409

出　　处：《林业科学》2024年第1期80-92,共13页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：湖南省科技创新计划项目(2022RC1155);湖南省科技人才托举工程项目(2020TJ-06)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究油桐芽苗砧嫁接繁育新技术,建立油桐芽苗砧嫁接无性繁殖技术体系,为油桐良种无性化育苗提供新途径。【方法】以千年桐和三年桐种子培育的芽苗为砧木,以‘华桐1号’家系当年生半木质化带芽茎段为接穗,连续2年研究不同砧木物种、嫁接方法、嫁接膜类型、嫁接时期、苗床及移栽高度等因素对油桐芽苗砧嫁接成活的影响,并观察嫁接后伤口愈合的显微解剖结构。【结果】1)在其他外界因素较优的条件下,以三年桐和千年桐为砧木,油桐嫁接成活率均可达89.0%以上,前期生长无显著差异。以千年桐为砧木,采用劈接法用塑料膜绑扎的成活率比铝箔片高184.0%,差异显著(P<0.05);用塑料膜绑扎劈接的成活率比合接高58.7%,差异显著(P<0.05)。2)适宜油桐芽苗砧嫁接的接穗腋芽上、下部和叶柄长度分别为1.0、3.0和0.5 cm,适宜的砧木劈接切口长1.5 cm、移栽苗床高度15 cm、遮荫网透光率为25%、移栽时嫁接口高于地面。3)不同嫁接时期对油桐芽苗砧嫁接的成活率影响显著,6月上旬的嫁接成活率比5月中旬高51.5%,差异显著(P<0.05),且6月上旬嫁接的油桐苗后期长势较好。4)观察腋芽的生长过程及嫁接口的愈伤组织解剖结构发现,嫁接10天后伤口部分愈合,腋芽开始膨大,20天后腋芽萌发长出新叶,70天后接穗和砧木的伤口愈合度高,解开嫁接膜有利于后期嫁接苗生长。【结论】本研究建立的油桐芽苗砧嫁接无性繁殖技术体系,6月大田大量育苗的嫁接成活率整体达70.0%以上,可为今后油桐良种无性化育苗提供切实可行的途径。【Objective】Tung tree is one of the four major woody oil tree species in China.The development of tung tree industry has certain strategic significance for improving China’s energy self-sufficiency.This paper aims to establish a new asexual reproduction technology system for tung tree seedlings with hypocotyle rootstocks grafting by studying the new technique of tung tree seedlings and hypocotyle grafting,so as to provide a new way for the future asexual reproduction of tung tree elite varieties.【Method】The seedlings cultivated from Vernicia montana and Vernicia fordii seeds were used as rootstocks,and the current year-old semi-woody stem segments with buds of the offsprings of Vernicia fordii‘Huatong No.1’were used as scions.The effects of different rootstock species,grafting methods,grafting film types,grafting periods,seedbeds and transplanting heights on the grafting success of the seedling rootstocks were investigated for two consecutive years,and the microscopic anatomical structure of wound healing after grafting was observed.【Result】1)Under favorable conditions of other external factors,the survival rate of tung tree grafting was more than 89.0%with V.montana and V.fordii seedlings as rootstocks,and there was no significant difference in the early growth between the two,but V.montana rootstocks was more beneficial to improve the resistance of tung trees.With the V.montana seedlings as rootstocks,the survival rate of split grafting with plastic film was 184.0%higher than that of aluminum foil,and the survival rate of split grafting with plastic film was 58.7%higher than that of jointing grafting.2)The suitable length of the upper axillary buds,lower part axillary buds and petiole of scion was 1.0 cm,3.0 cm and 0.5 cm,respectively,for grafting on tung tree seedling rootstock;the suitable incision length for rootstock splitting was 1.5 cm,the height of transplanting seedbed was 15 cm,the light transmission rate of the shade net was 25%,and the grafting union should be above the ground at the

关 键 词：油桐 嫁接 砧木 下胚轴 

分 类 号：S718.3[农业科学—林学]