活性污泥萃取液施用对水稻根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响  

Effects of activated sludge extraction on rhizosphere soil microbial community structure of rice

作　　者：童彤 纪荣婷 许秋瑾[1] 王建国 李小鸥 张悦 TONG Tong;JI Rongting;XU Qiujin;WANG Jianguo;LI Xiao’ou;ZHANG Yue(National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment;Zhongnong Guosheng(Beijing)Environmental and Ecological Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.;Water Industry Branch of Chinese Civil Engineering Society)

机构地区：[1]湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,中国环境科学研究院 [2]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 [3]中农国盛(北京)环境生态工程科技有限公司 [4]中国土木工程学会水工业分会

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2024年第1期148-157,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1803402)。

摘　　要：通过根箱试验,从土壤根际微生物角度揭示活性污泥萃取液(简称萃取液)调控水稻苗期生长和改良土壤理化性质的机理。试验设计不同萃取液配施减氮处理(T1,空白对照;T2,常规施肥对照;T3,减氮30%配施0.2 g/kg萃取液;T4,减氮30%配施0.4 g/kg萃取液;T5,施用8 g/kg萃取液全量替代化肥氮,即减氮75%),研究萃取液配合氮肥减施对水稻根际土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:配施萃取液可显著增加水稻幼苗的叶面积、生物量和叶绿素含量;与常规施肥相比,配施萃取液可以显著提高土壤p H,降低土壤电导率,增加可溶性有机碳含量,降低硝态氮和铵态氮含量。β多样性结果显示,萃取液对土壤微生物性质的影响主要作用在根际及近根际土壤中,不同萃取液处理组与空白及常规施肥对照组间细菌群落结构及多样性存在显著性差异(P<0.05);萃取液的施用可增加有机污染物降解和碳水化合物代谢相关微生物的相对丰度,如黄色土源菌、Candidatus_Udaeobacter、鞘氨醇单胞菌属,相对丰度分别增加151%~541%、26%~320%和55%~364%。采用FAPROTAX土壤功能预测分析发现,施用萃取液后土壤菌群主要增加的功能为化能异养、有氧化能异养、硝酸盐还原、固氮作用、硝化作用和芳香化合物降解等,这类功能与土壤碳源物质代谢、氮循环及有机污染物降解等行为相关。萃取液施用可通过改善土壤根际及近根际微生物群落结构,增加相关菌群丰度,调控土壤根际及近根际碳、氮循环,进而达到促进水稻幼苗生长和土壤改良的效果。研究结果可为活性污泥的资源化提供新路径。A root box experiment was conducted to reveal the mechanisms by activated sludge extracts regulating rice growth and improving soil physicochemical properties from the perspective of soil rhizosphere microorganisms.The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the extracts application with nitrogen reduction on rice soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere microorganisms by conducting different treatments(T1,blank control;T2,conventional fertilizer control;T3,30%nitrogen reduction with 0.2 g/kg extract solution;T4,30%nitrogen reduction with 0.4 g/kg extract solution;T5,full replacement of fertilizer nitrogen with 8 g/kg extract solution equivalent to 75%nitrogen reduction).The results showed that the application of extracts significantly increased the leaf area,biomass and chlorophyll content of rice seedlings.Compared with conventional fertilizer applications,the application of extracts could significantly increase soil pH,reduce soil conductivity,increase soil soluble organic carbon and reduce soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content.β-diversity results showed that the effect of extracts application on soil microbial properties was more prominent in rhizosphere and near-rhizosphere soils,with significant differences in bacterial community structure and diversity between the different extracts treated groups,blank group and the control group(P<0.05).Application of extracts significantly increased the relative abundance of microorganisms associated with organic pollutant degradation and carbohydrate metabolism,such as Flavisolibacter,Candidatus_Udaeobacter,and Sphingomonas,which increased by 151%to 541%,26%to 320%and 55%to 364%,respectively.By FAPROTAX soil function prediction analysis,it was found that the main soil microbial communities enhanced after the application of the extracts were chemoheterotrophy,aerobic chemoheterotrophy,nitrate reduction,nitrogen fixation,nitrification and aromatic compound degradation,which were related to the behaviours of soil carbon cycling,nitrogen cycling

关 键 词：活性污泥萃取液 根际微生物 Β多样性 微生物丰度 微生物功能预测 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]