基于线性自抗扰控制的隧道通风节能控制研究  

Study on Energy Saving Control of Tunnel Ventilation Based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control

作　　者：刘源翔 侯亚楠 雷凌昱 孟春雷 王宏丹 LIU Yuan-xiang;HOU Ya-nan;LEI Ling-yu;MENG Chun-lei;WANG Hong-dan(Beijing GOTEC ITS Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中交国通智能交通系统技术有限公司,北京100088

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2023年第11期180-187,共8页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB1600200)。

摘　　要：为了提高隧道通风控制系统的响应速度和运行效率,减少调节过程中的系统波动和能量损耗,降低隧道内车流量、车速、天气、事故等因素对风机控制效果的影响,解决调节过程中存在的非线性、滞后性、波动性等问题,研究了线性自抗扰的隧道通风控制方法。以短型隧道的通风系统为研究对象,将隧道烟雾浓度作为控制目标。将隧道通风过程分成两个控制阶段,并通过等效分析,简化为一个参数摄动的一阶时滞系统。基于线性自抗扰控制方法,构建了扩张状态观测器。将控制模型中的系统波动参数和外界扰动作为一种扩张状态进行了观测,并进行了实时估计和补偿。以系统控制稳定为目标,研究构建了控制器参数的选择约束条件。基于隧道通风控制模型的结构和特性,选择了控制器参数。在不同工况下的仿真结果表明:与传统控制器相比,线性自抗扰控制器缩短了约30%的系统调节时间,提高了响应速度;调节过程中超调量下降了18%,减少了约20%的风机需求功率,降低了系统波动,提高了风机运行效率和控制精度;当系统模型参数存在20%~30%的波动时,线性自抗扰控制器能够有效地抑制参数波动对控制效果的影响,使风机控制系统能够保持一定的稳定性,具有较强的鲁棒性。In order to improve the response speed and operational efficiency of the tunnel ventilation control system,reduce system fluctuations and energy loss during the regulation process,reduce the impact of factors,in the tunnel on the fan control effect,such as traffic flow,vehicle speed,weather,accidents and so on,and solve the problems about nonlinearity,hysteresis,fluctuation and so on in the regulation process,the tunnel ventilation control method based on linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)is studied.The ventilation system of short tunnels is taken as the study object,and the tunnel smoke is taken as the control target.The tunnel ventilation process is divided into two control stages,and the process is simplified into a first-order time-delay system with parameter perturbations through equivalent analysis.The extended state observer based on LADRC method is construct.The system fluctuation parameters and external disturbances in the control model are observed as the extended state and can be estimated and compensated.The constraint conditions for controller parameter selection are researched with the target of system control stability.Based on the structure and characteristics of the tunnel ventilation control model,the controller parameters are selected.The simulation results under different operating conditions show that(1)compared with traditional controllers,the response speed is improved and the system adjustment time is shorted about 30%by LADRC;(2)the overshoot decreases by 18%and the required power of the fan is reduced by about 20%during the adjustment process,the system fluctuations is reduced,and the operating efficiency and control accuracy of fan are improved;(3)when there is a fluctuation of 20%to 30%in the system model parameters,the impact of parameter fluctuations on control effectiveness can be effectively suppressed by LADRC,the fan control system can be maintained a certain degree of stability,and the LADRC has strong robustness.

关 键 词：隧道工程 线性自抗扰控制器 风机控制算法 通风系统 参数波动 降低能耗 

分 类 号：U453.5[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]