基于维修大数据的营运客车安全部件可靠性分析  

An Analysis on Reliability of Commercial Bus Safety Parts Based on Maintenance Big Data

作　　者：刘富佳[1] 杨小娟 许书权[1] 陈潮洲 LIU Fu-jia;YANG Xiao-juan;XU Shu-quan;CHEN Chao-zhou(Research Institute of Highway,Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2023年第11期229-236,共8页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021-9034b)。

摘　　要：为适应营运车辆智能化发展趋势,降低道路运输安全运行风险,基于在用营运客车维修大数据,测算了营运客车安全部件累积故障概率和故障率,对安全部件全寿命周期故障类型进行综合评判。采用威布尔分布函数等理论,得出故障分布函数参数并对其进行拟合验证。通过计算并绘制故障累积概率、故障率、故障概率密度、可靠度函数曲线,直观展示了营运客车安全部件故障分布规律和故障风险。结果表明:营运客车行驶系、制动系、安全防护装置的瞬时故障率随营运里程逐步降低,而转向系零部件瞬时故障率随营运里程呈现上升趋势,应根据不同零部件故障规律科学合理制定维修计划;从故障概率密度分布区间来看,转向系、行驶系、制动系、安全防护装置的不同零部件故障高发里程各有不同,应根据不同部件故障特征合理开展安全技术性能检验以降低故障发生风险;此外,与常规安全部件相比,车道偏离预警系统(LDWS)、自动紧急制动系统(AEBS)等高级驾驶辅助系统具有更高的可靠性,故障风险随使用年限趋于平缓增加,应重点对安全部件的早期故障进行预防,对提高营运车辆安全水平具有重要意义。In order to adapt to the intelligent development trend of commercial bus and reduce the risk of road transportation operation,based on the big data of in-service commercial bus maintenance,the cumulative fault probability and fault rate of commercial bus safety parts are calculated,and the life cycle fault types of safety parts are comprehensively evaluated.The theory such as Weibull distribution function is used to fit and verify the fault distribution function parameters.The cumulative fault probability,fault rate,fault probability density,reliability function curve are,calculated and drawn and the fault distribution rule and fault risk of commercial bus safety parts are visually displayed.The result shows that(1)the instantaneous fault rate of driving system,braking system and safety protection device of commercial bus decreases gradually with the operating mileage,while the instantaneous fault rate of steering system components increases with the operating mileage,and the maintenance plan should be scientifically and reasonably formulated according to the fault rules of different parts;(2)from the distribution range of failure probability density,it can be seen that different components of the steering system,driving system,braking system,and safety protection device have different high failure rates,therefore,safety technical performance testing should be conducted reasonably based on the fault characteristics of different components to reduce the risk of failure occurrence;(3)in addition,compared with conventional safety parts,advanced driving assistance systems such as lane departure warning system(LDWS)and automatic emergency braking system(AEBS)have higher reliability,and the fault risk tends to increase gently with the service life,therefore,early fault prevention of safety parts should be focused on,which is of great significance to improve the safety level of commercial bus.

关 键 词：汽车工程 可靠性 威布尔分布 营运客车 维修大数据 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]