地膜对花生土壤水热环境和生长的影响  

Effects of different degradable film and ordinary plastic film on soil hydrothermal conditions and peanut growth

作　　者：唐永齐 张友良 王凤新[2] 窦允清 李躲 冯绍元[1] TANG Yongqi;ZHANG Youliang;WANG Fengxin;DOU Yunqing;LI Duo;FENG Shaoyuan(College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Center for Agricultural Water Research in China,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Rizhao Agriculture Bureau,Rizhao 276800,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]中国农业大学中国农业水土问题研究中心,北京100083 [3]山东省日照市岚山区农业局,山东日照276800

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第1期17-27,共11页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500402);国家自然科学基金项目(51809225);中国博士后科学基金项目(2020T130559,2019M651977);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20180929)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同可降解地膜与普通地膜对花生土壤水热环境和生长的影响。【方法】设置农用白色地膜(WM)、黑色地膜(BM)、白色全生物可降解膜(WDM)、黑色全生物可降解膜(BDM)及不覆膜(CK)共5个处理,开展大田试验探究不同颜色可降解膜和普通地膜覆盖对花生土壤水热环境及其生长的影响机制。【结果】(1)WDM处理与BDM处理较WM、BM处理增温保墒效果更好,苗期WDM处理0~25 cm土层平均土壤温度较WM处理高0.8℃,BDM处理较BM处理高0.6℃;苗期WDM处理夜间5 cm土层土壤平均温度较WM处理提高0.8℃,BDM处理较BM处理高0.6℃;苗期WDM处理夜间有效土壤积温较WM处理高88℃,BDM处理较BM处理高60℃;WDM处理全生育期土壤含水率较WM处理提高11.7%,BDM处理较BM处理提高7.2%。(2)WDM处理花生产量较WM、BM、BDM处理分别增加5.3%、6.6%、17.3%,WDM处理水分利用效率较WM、BM、BDM处理分别提高7.8%、11.7%、22.8%。(3)白色可降解膜较黑色可降解膜降解程度提高14.6%。【结论】综上可知,山东花生种植中适宜选用白色全生物可降解膜。【Objective】Peanut is an important economic crop and the main planting method is plastic film mulching.It is necessary to study the effects of different degradable film mulching and ordinary plastic film mulching on the soil hydrothermal environment and growth of peanut.【Method】Field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station,China Agricultural University,Rizhao City,Shandong Province,China in 2022 to investigate effects of degradable film and ordinary plastic film mulching on soil hydrothermal conditions and peanut growth and select the type of degradable film suitable for peanut planting.Five mulching treatments(white plastic mulching,WM;black plastic mulching,BM;white degradable mulching,WDM;black degradable mulching,BDM;and no film mulching,CK)were applied.【Result】①The results indicated that degradable mulching had significant effects on soil hydrothermal condition,yield,and water use efficiency.The mean soil temperature at 0-25 cm depth during seedling stage in white degradable mulching treatment was 0.8℃higher than that in white plastic mulching treatment,and that in black degradable mulching treatment was 0.6℃higher than that in black plastic mulching treatment.The mean soil temperature at 5 cm depth at night during seedling stage in white degradable mulching treatment was 0.8℃higher than that in white plastic mulching treatment,and that in black degradable mulching treatment was 0.6℃higher than that in black plastic mulching treatment.The difference of accumulated effective temperature at night during seedling stage in white degradable mulching treatment was 88℃higher than that in white plastic mulching treatment,and that in black degradable mulching treatment was 60℃higher than that in black plastic mulching treatment.The soil water content during whole growth stage in white degradable mulching treatment was 11.7%higher than that in white plastic mulching treatment,and that in black degradable mulching treatment was 7.2%higher than that in black plastic mulching treat

关 键 词：可降解膜 普通地膜 花生 土壤水热 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]