全生育期地膜覆盖对植烟土壤理化性质和真菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of plastic film mulching on physicochemical properties and fungal community structure of tobacco-growing soil during whole growth period

作　　者：郭冲 刘雅洁 杨懿德 杨洋[2] 杨国伟 许艳玲 陈佛源 韩伟 刘雷[1] 鄢敏 曾淑华[1] GUO Chong;LIU Ya-jie;YANG Yi-de;YANG Yang;YANG Guo-wei;XU Yan-ling;CHEN Fo-yuan;HAN Wei;LIU Lei;YAN Min;ZENG Shu-hua(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Yibin Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company,Yibin 644600,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,成都611130 [2]四川省烟草公司宜宾市公司,四川宜宾644600

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2023年第12期38-45,101,共9页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省烟草公司科技项目(2020511500200085);烟草地膜分类栽培技术优化与全生物降解地膜替代研究及示范项目(SCYC202306)。

摘　　要：以烤烟生产实践中应用较广泛的白色地膜覆盖并在适当时间揭膜处理为对照,研究较高海拔(1 200 m)不同颜色地膜(白色地膜、黑色地膜和黑白双色地膜)全生育期覆盖对植烟土壤理化性质及真菌群落结构的影响,并采用相关性及冗余分析探究土壤理化性质与真菌群落结构的联系。结果表明,各全生育期覆膜处理的烤烟产量和产值均显著高于对照(P<0.05),且各处理间土壤理化性质差异显著(P<0.05)。该地区土壤真菌的主要类群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、接合菌门(Zygomycota),占总菌门的83%以上。土壤真菌多样性表现为黑白双色地膜全生育期覆盖>白色地膜全生育期覆盖>对照>黑色地膜全生育期覆盖。各全生育期覆膜处理和对照的优势菌属差异明显,肉座菌属(Hypocrea)、角担菌属(Ceratobasidium)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、丛赤壳属(Nectria)的相对丰度与土壤氮素、磷素有密切联系。大量元素(全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾),中、微量元素(全硫、全铜、有效铜、全锌、有效镁、全硼)是对植烟土壤真菌群落结构起主导作用的环境因素。综合来看,全生育期地膜覆盖在宜宾市较高海拔烟区是可行的,且以黑白双色地膜全生育期覆盖为佳。Using white plastic film covering,which was widely used in tobacco production practice,and the appropriate time for film removal treatment as a control,the effects of different colors of plastic film(white plastic film,black plastic film and black and white double color plastic film)covering during the whole growth period on the physicochemical properties and fungal community structure of tobacco planting soil at a higher altitude(1200 m)were studied,and the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and fungal community structure was explored by correlation and redundancy analysis.The results showed the yield and output value of fluecured tobacco in the whole growth period were significantly higher than those in the control(P<0.05),and there were significant differ⁃ences in soil physical and chemical properties among different treatments(P<0.05).The main groups of soil fungi in this area were As⁃comycota,Basidiomycota and Zygomycota,accounting for more than 83%of the total fungi.The diversity of soil fungi under mulching with different colors during the whole growth period was as follows from high to low:black and white double color film covering the whole growth period,white film covering the whole growth period,control,black film covering the whole growth period.The dominant genera of bacteria in each treatment were significantly different.The relative abundance of Hypocrea,Ceratobasidium,Fusarium and Nectria were closely related to soil nitrogen and phosphorus.macroelements(total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,total phos⁃phorus,available phosphorus,total potassium),medium and trace elements(total sulfur,total copper,available copper,total zinc,available magnesium,total boron)were the leading environmental factors on the community structure of tobacco-growing soil.On the whole,it was feasible to cover the film during whole growth period in the high altitude tobacco area of Yibin City,and the black and white double color film was the optimal choice.

关 键 词：植烟 土壤 地膜覆盖 真菌群落 土壤理化性质 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]