幼龄期矮砧苹果根系分布及生长发育规律  

Root distribution and growth development patterns of young dwarf rootstock apples

作　　者：吉光鹏 周晓通 张栋海 吴玉蓉 牛蛉磊 JI Guang-peng;ZHOU Xiao-tong;ZHANG Dong-hai;WU Yu-rong;NIU Ling-lei(Institute of Agricultural Sciences,the Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tumushuker 843900,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆图木舒克843900

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2023年第12期108-113,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团“强南”科技骨干人才计划项目(2021CB019);新疆兵团英才青年项目。

摘　　要：为探究根系分布对矮砧苹果幼龄期生长发育的影响,以3年生矮砧苹果为试材,采用剖面挖掘和网格取样法,调查花期、果实膨大期及采收期3个根系生长关键时期根系生长动态及分布特征,分析矮砧苹果根系随生育进程推进的发育规律。结果表明,矮砧苹果根系最密集区域为水平0~30 cm、垂直0~40 cm,且表现为采收期根系发育最旺盛,花期次之,第三是膨大期;从水平分布来看,根干重密度、根长密度、根表面积密度在花期和采收期最大值均出现在0~10 cm区域,膨大期除根干重密度外,其他根系构型指标极值均出现在10~20 cm区域;从垂直分布来看,花期距地表20~30 cm区域根系发育最旺盛,膨大期和采收期根系构型指标峰值则在20~30 cm或10~20 cm区域出现;以根长密度和根表面积密度占总量的80%作为根系活动主要区域,花期为水平0~70 cm、垂直0~40 cm区域,膨大期为水平0~130 cm、垂直0~40 cm区域,采收期为水平0~80 cm,垂直0~50 cm区域,因此,水肥管理需根据根系生长发育特性采用不同的措施,尤其在果实膨大期要采取田管措施增加根系生长量,以保证树体活力。In order to investigate the effects of root distribution on the growth and development of dwarf anvil apples at young ages,3-year-old dwarf anvil apples were used as test materials,using profile mining and grid sampling,and the dynamic and distribution characteristics of root growth in three key periods:Flowering period,fruit expanding period and harvesting period were investigated.The development law of apple root with the growth process was analyzed in different growth periods.The results showed that the densest root system areas of dwarf stock apples were horizontal 0~30 cm and vertical 0~40 cm,and the root system development was most vig⁃orous during the harvest period,followed by the flowering period,and the third during the expanding period;from a horizontal distri⁃bution perspective,the maximum values of root dry weight density,root length density,and root surface area density appeared in the 0~10 cm region during flowering and harvesting periods.Except for the root dry weight density during the expanding period,the ex⁃treme values of other root configuration indicators all appeared in the 10~20 cm region;from a vertical distribution perspective,the root system development was most vigorous in the area 20~30 cm away from the surface during the flowering period,while the peak of the root system configuration index appeared at 10~20 cm or 20~30 cm region during the expanding and harvesting periods;the root length density and root surface area density accounting for 80%of the total amount was the main areas for root activity.The flowering period was at horizontal 0~70 cm,vertical 0~40 cm region,the expanding period was at horizontal 0~130 cm,vertical 0~40 cm re⁃gion,and the harvesting period was at horizontal 0~80 cm,vertical 0~50 cm region.Therefore,water and fertilizer management need⁃ed to adopt different measures based on the characteristics of root growth and development,especially during the fruit expanding peri⁃od,field management measures should be taken to increase root growth to ensure t

关 键 词：矮化砧木 苹果 根系生长发育 水平分布 垂直分布 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]