普惠型居家社区养老服务的模式创新——以北京市养老服务联合体为例  

Model Innovation of Home-Based Community Elderly Care Services——Taking Beijing Elderly Care Service Consortium as an Example

作　　者：蔡玉梅 陈功[1,2] CAI Yu-mei;CHEN Gong

机构地区：[1]北京大学人口研究所 [2]北京大学中国老龄事业发展研究中心

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第1期118-128,共11页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA101)——以时间银行创新推动实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的理论和应用研究。

摘　　要：我国居家社区养老服务正经历着“保基本—适度普惠—普惠”的转变过程,谁能长期地提供普惠型养老服务是当前亟须厘清的问题。通过规范分析法,基于利益共同体理论,从“共识”“共赢”“可持续”和“内部结构”进行分析发现,当前居家社区养老存在着以下发展桎梏:价值共识未达成;劳动密集型特征明显,创新发展程度缓慢;建设者与运营者为一体,服务市场良莠不齐;养老市场服务链未完善,信息不对称与碎片化并存。究其背后原因,在于有效需求未满足、资源诅咒、能力欠缺及质量缺陷。以北京市养老服务联合体为例,从价值空间、物理空间、社会空间及技术空间的四维生产进行回应,认为能通过服务模式的创新、特定情境的拓展、社会关系网络的缔联及保障老年人数字权益的方式消解困境。Chinas home-community care services are undergoing the development transformation process of“basic guarantee-moderate inclusive-inclusive”.Who can provide inclusive care for the elderly for a long time is an urgent problem to be clarified.Based on the theory of community of interests,through the normative analysis method,from“consensus”,“win-win co-operation”,“sustainable”and“internal structure”,it is found that there is no consensus on the value of elderly care service in home-based community elderly care.The characteristics of the elderly care service are obviously labor-intensive,and the degree of innovation development is slow;builders and operators are as a whole,and the service market is mixed;The service chain of the elderly care market is not perfect,and the development of information asymmetry and fragmentation coexist.Behind it,unmet effective demand,resource curse,lack of capacity and quality defects are the reasons.Taking the elderly care service consortium of Beijing as an example,this work analyzes the four dimensions of value space production,physical space production,social space production and technical space production,and believes that the inclusive home-based community elderly care service can solve the above problems through the innovation of service mode,the expansion of specific situations,the association of social relationship network and the protection of digital rights and interests of the elderly.

关 键 词：居家社区养老 普惠型养老服务 养老服务联合体 超大城市养老 空间生产 

分 类 号：C23[社会学]