可得利益损失赔偿的计算规则——《关于适用〈民法典〉合同编通则若干问题的解释》第60条解读  

Calculation Rules for Compensation of Obtained Benefits in Contract Breach: Interpretation of Article 60 of Interpretation on the Application of General Principles of Contracts in the Civil Code of the People s Republic of China

作　　者：杨立新 庄涵麟 YANG Lixin;ZHUANG Hanlin

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学法学院,广东广州510320 [2]广东财经大学疑难案件研究中心,广东广州510320

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期124-141,171,共19页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：北京市社会科学研究基金重点研究项目“民法典实施中的疑难问题研究”(21FXA004)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第584条规定了违约损失赔偿的可预见性规则,第591条规定了违约损失赔偿的非违约方减损规则。以往司法解释对如何计算可得利益损失,如何在计算可得利益损失赔偿时适用减损规则,只作了一般规定,没有规定具体计算方法。合同编通则司法解释第60条规定了计算违约损失赔偿的可得利益损失规则、成本扣减规则,以及减损规则和替代交易规则、市场价格规则。可预见性规则和成本扣减规则是可得利益损失计算的基本规则;减损规则既是非违约方的义务,也是计算可得利益损失的规则;替代交易规则和市场价格规则是减损规则的主要方法,选择权由非违约方享有,在具备一定条件时由违约方行使。正确适用可得利益损失的计算规则,准确、合理地计算出违约损失赔偿数额,使合同当事人的利益得到公平保护。Article 584 of the Civil Code stipulates foreseeability rules for compensating losses resulting from a breach of contract,while Article 591 stipulates rules for reducing losses incurred by the non-breaching party.Previous judicial interpretations only provided general provisions on calculating the loss of benefits available in breach of contract and applying loss reduction rules when calculating compensation for loss of benefits available,without stipulating specific calculation methods.Article 60 of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of Contracts stipulates the rules for calculating compensation in breach of contract,covering loss of available profits,cost deductions,loss reduction,alternative transactions,and market prices.Foreseeability and cost deduction are fundamental rules for calculating loss of available benefits due to breach of contract,while loss reduction is not only the obligation of the non-breaching party,but also the rule for calculating the loss of available benefits.The alternative transaction and the market price rules are the main rules for loss reduction,with the option granted to the non-defaulting party and exercisable by the defaulting party under specific conditions.Correctly applying these calculation rules for loss of benefits available in breach of contract,and accurately and reasonably calculating the amount of compensation for breach of contract,ensures a fair protection of the interests of the contract parties.

关 键 词：可得利益损失 可预见性规则 成本扣减规则 减损规则 替代交易规则 市场价格规则 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]