紫苏不同部位活性成分比较及其药理作用研究进展  

Comparison of active components in different parts of Perilla frutescens and its pharmacological effects

作　　者：张良琦 李文姣 肖美凤[1,2] ZHANG Liang-qi;LI Wen-jiao;XIAO Mei-feng(College of Pharmacy,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药大学药学院,湖南长沙410208 [2]中药成药性与制剂制备湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410208

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第24期6551-6571,共21页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30509);湖南省研究生科研创新项目校级课题(2022CX13);湖南中医药大学校级科研基金与联合基金项目(2021XJJJ002)。

摘　　要：紫苏是常见的药食两用植物,其全株富含多种化学成分,由于其不同部位的活性成分种类及含量存在差异,故《中国药典》将叶(紫苏叶)、果实(紫苏子)和茎(紫苏梗)划分为3种不同的药用部位。目前已经报道了350多种不同的生物活性化合物,包括挥发油类、黄酮类、酚酸类、三萜及甾醇类、脂肪酸类等。由于紫苏化学成分的复杂性,其药理作用也具有多样性,包括抗菌、抗炎、抗过敏、抗抑郁、抗肿瘤等。目前国内外针对紫苏不同部位做了包括化学成分分析、药理作用机制在内的大量研究,但还没有较为系统地将其化学成分、药理作用及其作用机制进行比较概括。故该文主要对紫苏叶、紫苏子和紫苏梗的化学成分及结构进行统计,并对紫苏药理作用及其作用机制进行了总结,为更好地开发利用紫苏提供参考。Perilla frutescens is a widely used medicinal and edible plant with a rich chemical composition throughout its whole plant.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia categorizes P.frutescens leaves(Perillae Folium),seeds(Perillae Fructus),and stems(Perillae Caulis)as three distinct medicinal parts due to the differences in types and content of active components.Over 350 different bioactive compounds have been reported so far,including volatile oils,flavonoids,phenolic acids,triterpenes,sterols,and fatty acids.Due to the complexity of its chemical composition,P.frutescens exhibits diverse pharmacological effects,including antibacterial,antiinflammatory,anti-allergic,antidepressant,and antitumor activities.While scholars have conducted a substantial amount of research on different parts of P.frutescens,including analysis of their chemical components and pharmacological mechanisms of action,there has yet to be a systematic comparison and summary of chemical components,pharmacological effects,and mechanisms of action.Therefore,this study overviewed the chemical composition and structures of Perillae Folium,Perillae Fructus,and Perillae Caulis,and summarized the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of P.frutescens to provide a reference for better development and utilization of this valuable plant.

关 键 词：紫苏 活性成分 药理作用 作用机制 研究进展 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学] R285[医药卫生—中医学]