防护用PVA复合材料的制备及性能研究  

Study on preparation and properties of PVA composite for protective application

作　　者：宋静雯 程慧鹏 朱亚楠 周惠敏[1] 徐阳 Song Jingwen;Cheng Huipeng;Zhu Yanan;Zhou Huimin;Xu Yang(College of Textile and Clothing,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017;College of Textile Science and Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学纺织与服装学院,乌鲁木齐830017 [2]江南大学纺织科学与工程学院,无锡214122

出　　处：《化工新型材料》2024年第1期189-193,共5页New Chemical Materials

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(2020E0239);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金-青年科学基金项目(2021D01C094)。

摘　　要：为实现核电控制区一次性防护服溶解减容处理的目的,利用热水可溶的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基材制备防护用PVA复合材料。通过溶液流延涂布法制备PVA膜,再利用超声波焊接将PVA膜与PVA水刺非织造布结合制备不同克重的PVA复合材料并对其性能进行研究。借助扫描电镜、红外光谱对PVA膜、PVA非织造布、PVA膜/PVA非织造布结合点的表面形貌及分子结构进行表征,同时通过水溶测试、力学性能测试、吸水性及透湿性测试研究PVA复合材料的热水溶解情况、力学性能及吸湿透湿能力。结果表明:PVA膜表面光洁,致密性好;PVA膜与PVA非织造布结合良好。所制备的6种不同克重的PVA复合材料,在70℃热水中开始溶解,随着温度的升高,复合材料溶解速度逐渐变快,模拟热水淋洒布样表面,布面变化不大。PVA非织造布克重影响其内部结构和纤维排列状态,从而对力学性能产生一定的影响,拉伸强度随着试样克重的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。几种不同克重材料吸湿性能差异较小。综合比较发现当复合材料克重为85g/m^(2)时材料性能较优。In order to realize the dissolution and volume reduction of disposable protective clothing in the nuclear power control area,PVA composites for protection were prepared using hot water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) as the substrate.PVA film was prepared by solution casting coating method,then the PVA film and PVA spunlace nonwoven fabric were combined by ultrasonic welding to prepare PVA composites with different weights and their properties were studied.The surface morphology and molecular structure of PVA film,PVA nonwoven fabric,PVA film/PVA nonwoven fabric bonding points were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy.At the same time,the hot water solubility,mechanical properties,moisture absorption and permeability of PVA composites were studied by water solubility test,mechanical property test,water absorption and moisture permeability test.The results showed that the PVA film had smooth surface and good compactness;the PVA film and PVA nonwoven fabric were well combined.The six PVA composites with different grams began to dissolve in hot water at 70℃.With the increase of temperature,the dissolution rate of the composite gradually became faster.The cloth surface did not change much when the simulated hot water was sprayed on the sample surface.The weight of PVA nonwoven fabric affected its internal structure and fiber arrangement,which had a certain impact on the mechanical properties.The tensile strength first increased and then decreased with the increase of sample weight.The hygroscopicity of several kinds of materials with different weight was little different.The comprehensive comparison indicated that when the weight of the composite was 85 g/m^(2),and the material performance was better.

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇 膜基复合材料 水溶性 力学性能 吸湿性 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]