公有公共设施致害的国家赔偿责任构成——基于日本《国家赔偿法》的研究  

Constitution of State Liability for Damages Caused by Public Structure——A Research Based on State Redress Act of Japan

作　　者：夏瑞聪 XIA Rui-cong(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《湖北第二师范学院学报》2024年第1期38-43,共6页Journal of Hubei University of Education

摘　　要：我国目前对公有公共设施致害案件仍以《民法典》为处理依据,是否需要将其纳入国家赔偿体系未有定论。日本作为将其纳入国家赔偿体系的代表国家,其实务界在相关案件中,既坚持以无过错责任原则为基础,又逐渐引入对赔偿机关主观过错以及外部条件的考察,形成了综合考虑、具体分析的理念和习惯。将公有公共设施致害问题纳入国家赔偿体系,在法哲学逻辑上更加自洽,其以无过错责任原则为归责原则、以国家财政为资金来源的构成也更有利于减轻公民诉累、保护公民权益,为此,审视日本的立法和司法实务经验是有益的。At present,the Civil Code serves as the main basis for handling cases of damage caused by public structure in China,and it is still a subject for debate that whether we need to incorporate these cases into the State Compensation Law.Japan,as a representative country which sets state liability for damages caused by public structure in State Redress Act,has formed the concept and custom of comprehensive consideration and specific analysis by gradually introducing the examination of the subjective fault of the compensation authority as well as the external conditions,while insisting on the principle of no-fault liability as the basis of the relevant cases in its substantive circles.Incorporating the issue of harm caused by public structure into the State Compensation Law is more self-consistent in terms of the philosophy of right,and its composition,with the principle of no-fault liability as the principle of attribution of responsibility and the State treasury as the source of funding,is also more conducive to alleviating the burden of litigation on citizens and protecting their rights and interests.

关 键 词：公有公共设施致害 国家赔偿法 域外立法 

分 类 号：DF07[政治法律—法学理论]