锆合金腐蚀与防护研究进展  

Research progress on corrosion and protection of zirconium alloys

作　　者：户子帅 陈树军 李博毅 李满坤 李建辉[1,2] 刘丹 HU Zishuai;CHEN Shujun;LI Boyi;LI Mankun;LI Jianhui;LIU Dan(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050018,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-Net Forming Technology,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050018,China;Chengde Vanadium Titanium New Material Company Limited,Chengde,Hebei 067102,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学材料科学与工程学院,河北石家庄050018 [2]河北省材料近净成形技术重点实验室,河北石家庄050018 [3]承德钒钛新材料有限公司,河北承德067102

出　　处：《河北科技大学学报》2024年第1期1-14,共14页Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52201073);河北省教育厅青年基金(QN2021058);河北省重点研发计划项目(21311003D)。

摘　　要：锆合金以其优异的核性能和生物相容性被广泛应用于民用发电反应堆、核动力航空母舰、核潜艇、空间飞行器的结构材料以及医用材料,在苛刻环境下服役的锆合金同样面临腐蚀失效的风险。由于材料本身服役环境的特殊性,使得锆合金腐蚀研究的模拟测试难度加大,诸多疑问难以得到有效解答。锆合金的腐蚀形式包括均匀腐蚀、疖状腐蚀、应力腐蚀以及微生物腐蚀,其腐蚀也受材料成分、热处理工艺、表面粗糙度、氧化膜成分、溶液的pH值、辐照、热流水化学环境以及温度等因素的影响,防护措施包括涂层和缓蚀剂等方式。为进一步改善锆合金的耐蚀性能,未来可从以下几方面展开研究:1)锆合金基体中固溶元素的浓度;2)第二相元素类型、晶粒尺寸及分布;3)氧化膜的生长机制;4)细菌附着方式和生物被膜生长行为等。Zirconium alloys are widely used as structural materials in civil power reactors,nuclear-powered aircraft carriers,nuclear submarines and space vehicles as well as medical materials due to their excellent nuclear properties and biocompatibility.Zirconium alloys serving in harsh environments are also facing the risk of corrosion failure.Due to the special characteristics of the service environment of the material itself,it is more difficult to simulate and test zirconium alloy corrosion,and to get effective answers to many questions.The corrosion of zirconium alloys includes uniform corrosion,nodular corrosion,stress corrosion and microbial corrosion.Its corrosion is also affected by the material composition,heat treatment process,surface roughness,oxide film composition,pH value of the solution,irradiation,thermal and hydro chemical environments as well as temperature,and other factors,and the protective measures include coatings and corrosion inhibitors and other ways.To further improve the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys,it is suggested that in the future the study should be conducted in the following aspects:1) The concentration of solid-solution elements in the zirconium alloy matrix;2) The type of second-phase elements,grain size and distribution;3) The growth mechanism of the oxide film;4) The mode of bacterial attachment and the growth behaviors of the biofilm.

关 键 词：金属材料 锆合金 核工业 海水腐蚀 微生物腐蚀 防护措施 

分 类 号：TF124.7[冶金工程—粉末冶金]