SARS-CoV-2突变株Omicron家族的演化传播和流行现状  

Evolution,Transmission and Epidemic Status of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

作　　者：郑嘉豪 王琼 练仲豪 黄勋[1] ZHENG Jiahao;WANG Qiong;LIAN Zhonghao;HUANG Xun(Infection Control Center of Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;School of Basic Medical Science of Changsha Medical University,Changsha 410200,China;College of Biology,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院感染控制中心,长沙410083 [2]长沙医学院基础医学院,长沙410200 [3]医学病毒学湖南省重点实验室,湖南大学生物学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《激光生物学报》2023年第6期492-501,共10页Acta Laser Biology Sinica

基　　金：“感·动中国”医疗机构感染预防与控制科研项目(GY2023013-A)。

摘　　要：冠状病毒(CoV)属于套式病毒目冠状病毒科,为有包膜的单股正链RNA病毒,基因组约27~32 kb。近年来,冠状病毒对人类的生命健康造成了巨大的威胁,如2002年出现的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARSCoV)以及2012年出现的中东呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV),特别是2019年出现并流行至今的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2),其在全世界范围内暴发,严重危害了人类健康和社会秩序,引发了人们的高度关注。迄今为止,SARS-CoV-2已经演化出了多个变体,且仍处于不断变异中。目前流行株型以Omicron为主,同时伴有其他多个变异型。当前我国新冠疫情防控已进入“乙类乙管”常态化防控阶段,SARS-CoV-2依然是未来一段时间内重要的公共卫生问题之一。本综述总结了SARS-CoV-2 Omicron主要株型的关键突变以及其与病毒传染致病、免疫逃逸等特性的关系,为了解SARS-CoV-2演化传播、流行现状等提供了参考。Coronaviruses(CoV)are enveloped viruses that possess a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome 27~32 kb in length,belonging to the Coronaviridae family,the Nidovirales order.In recent years,coronaviruses have posed a great threat to human life and health.For example,in 2002 and 2012,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)and Mid-dle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)emerged and caused panic,respectiverly.In particular,a novel corona-virus designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)emerged in 2019,has been epidemic so far worldwidely,seriously endangering human health and social order and arousing attention.So far,SARS-CoV-2 has evolved sev-eral variants.At present,the epidemic types are mainly Omicron family strains,and accompanying other variant strains.Mean-while,SARS-CoV-2 is still in constant variation.Nowadays,the epidemic situation prevention and control of our country has entered the stage of“category B disease”with normalization prevention and control,whereas SARS-CoV-2 will still be an important public health issue in the future.In this review,the key mutations of various major strains of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and their relationship with virus infectivity,pathogenicity,immune escape ability,and other characteristics were summarized,which can provide reference for the systematic understanding of SARS-CoV-2 evolution,transmission,and epidemic status.

关 键 词：SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白 变异 感染致病 免疫逃逸 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]