飞机结构激光冲击强化研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospect of laser shock peening technology in aircraft structure

作　　者：聂祥樊[1] 李阳[1] 王亚洲 万全红[2] 何卫锋[1] NIE Xiangfan;LI Yang;WANG Yazhou;WAN Quanhong;HE Weifeng(National Key Lab of Aerospace Power System and Plasma Technology,Air Force Engineering University,Xi’an 710038,China;AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Design&Research Institute,Chengdu 610091,China)

机构地区：[1]空军工程大学航空动力系统与等离子体技术全国重点实验室,西安710038 [2]航空工业成都飞机设计研究所,成都610091

出　　处：《航空学报》2023年第24期30-51,共22页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国防基础科研项目(JCKY2019802B001);国家自然科学基金(92060109)。

摘　　要：飞机梁、框、壁板等承力结构广泛采用铝合金、钛合金等轻质合金,且孔、槽、窝、连接等局部区域存在应力集中、工作应力大等问题,容易导致服役过程中在交变载荷作用下发生疲劳裂纹故障,制约飞机结构服役寿命,甚至影响飞行安全。激光冲击强化是一种新型表面塑性强化技术,可在不更换材料和不改变结构尺寸的前提下,通过材料表层内预制残余压应力和改善微观组织,显著提升其疲劳性能,现已在美军F-22、F-35等飞机上实现了工程应用。重点阐述含孔、焊接、含倒角和高承载等典型飞机结构激光冲击强化研究进展及有待解决的问题,分析并总结近年来飞机结构激光冲击强化研究历程与发展特点,从设备、机理、工艺和工程应用等方面进行研究展望。通过系统性研究进展和梳理技术问题,明确未来工程应用所需的理论支撑和关键技术,促进相关创新链、产业链快速发展与协同合作,推动激光冲击强化技术在中国军民用飞机结构抗疲劳制造与延寿修理上的规模化应用。Light alloys such as aluminum alloy and titanium alloy are widely used in load-bearing structures such as aircraft beams,frames and panels.Since critical problems such as stress concentration and high working stress exist in the local areas such as holes,grooves,sockets and joints of aircraft,fatigue cracks are easy to occur under alter⁃nating load during service,restricting the service life of aircraft structures and even affecting flight safety.As a novel surface plastic-strengthening technology,Laser Shock Peening(LSP)can significantly improve the fatigue perfor⁃mance by imparting compressive residual stress and improving microstructure in the surface layer of the material with⁃out changing the material and structure size.Engineering applications of LSP have been realized in the U.S.F-22,F-35 and other aircraft.In this paper,the research progress and unsolved problems in LSP of typical aircraft structures in⁃cluding holes,welding,chamfers and high-bearing regions are deeply discussed.Besides,the research history and development characteristics of LSP of aircraft structures in recent years are analyzed and summarized.Moreover,re⁃search prospects are made from the aspects of equipment,mechanism,process and engineering application.By sys⁃tematically teasing the research progress and technical problems,this paper aims to clarify the theoretical support and key technology required for future engineering application,facilitate the rapid development and collaboration of related innovation and industrial chains,and promote the large-scale application of LSP technology in anti-fatigue manufactur⁃ing and life-extension repairing of aircraft structures in China.

关 键 词：激光冲击强化 飞机结构 抗疲劳制造 延寿修理 疲劳性能 

分 类 号：V261.8[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程] TG665[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]