大型高炉炉缸死料柱行为及长寿原因分析  

Analysis on deadman behavior in hearth and cause of longevity of large blast furnace

作　　者：王学斌 王金刚 梁栋 孟赛 焦克新[2] 张建良[2] WANG Xuebin;WANG Jingang;LIANG Dong;MENG Sai;JIAO Kexin;ZHANG Jianliang(Laiwu Branch,Shandong Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 271104,Shandong,China;School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]山东钢铁股份有限公司莱芜分公司,山东济南271104 [2]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《钢铁》2023年第12期31-40,共10页Iron and Steel

摘　　要：高炉炉缸死料柱的形貌尺寸、沉浮状态、空隙度及焦炭粒度粒级时刻影响着炉缸液态炉渣和铁水的流动情况,进一步影响着铁水对炉缸侧壁的冲刷侵蚀程度和炉缸活性。基于莱钢3号3 200 m^(3)高炉的破损调查研究得到炉缸整体呈现“锅底状”侵蚀特征,其中炉缸侧壁的侵蚀程度较小、仍残余较为完整的炭砖结构,部分区域还保留少量的陶瓷杯结构,炉底陶瓷垫已被侵蚀完全至第3层超微孔炭砖。通过对炉缸死铁层残铁积存物的切割解体,并结合综合图像处理技术对炉缸死料柱进行分析。结果发现,死料柱根部为“圆弧状”并在炉缸中呈现明显的漂浮状态,高度约为0.45~1.34 m,死料柱直径约为10.01 m,占侵蚀后炉缸直径的71.91%,体积较小有利于浮起,同时降低铁水的环流现象对侧壁耐火材料的冲刷侵蚀。死料柱周围含有一段长度约为1.0 m的铁水通道,通过计算得到此区域铁水的对流换热系数较小,约为52.61 W/(m^(2)·K),这说明铁水流速小,而使得耐火材料所承受的热应力小,可大幅度减缓炉缸炉衬的侵蚀速率。死料柱平均空隙度和焦炭平均粒度分别为54.57%和22.89 mm,较大的死料柱空隙度和中心焦炭粒度保障了死料柱良好的透气透液性,增大了炉缸活性。铁水在不同方向交互运动的流动方式利于形成炉缸的均匀性侵蚀,进一步提高了炉缸寿命。The morphology and size,floating condition,voidage and internal coke particle size of deadman in the BF hearth always affect the flow of hot metal,further affect the erosion on the hearth side wall and the hearth activity.It was found that the overall hearth exhibited a"pot bottom shape"erosion feature based on the damage investigation of Laiwu No.33200 m^(3) BF.The erosion degree of the hearth sidewall was relatively small,which still existed relatively complete carbon brick structures,a small amount of ceramic cup structures was retained in some areas at the same time.The ceramic pad at the bottom was completely eroded to the third layer of ultra-micro porous carbon bricks.The deadman in the hearth was analyzed by cutting and disintegrating the residual iron in the salamander of the hearth combining with comprehensive image-processing technology.It was found that the deadman root was in a"circular arc shape"and showed a clear floating state in the hearth,with a height of about 0.45-1.34 m.The diameter of the deadman was about 10.01 m,accounting for 71.91%of the diameter of the eroded hearth.The small size was conducive to its floating,while reducing the circulation phenomenon of the hot metal and erosion of refractory materials in the sidewall.There was a section of hot metal channel with a length of about 1.0 m around the deadman.The convective heat transfer coefficient of the hot metal in this area was relatively small of 52.61 W/(m^(2)·K),which indicated that the flow rate of hot metal was low and reduced the thermal stress borne by the refractory material.It was able to slow down the erosion rate of the hearth lining significantly.The average voidage and coke size of the deadman are 54.57%and 22.89 mm respectively.The large deadman voidage and central coke size ensured the positive gas-permeability and liquid-permeability of the deadman,increased the activity of the hearth.The flow pattern of hot metal interacting in different directions was conducive to the formation of uniform erosion in the hearth,and f

关 键 词：高炉长寿 炉缸 死料柱 焦炭粒度 空隙度 

分 类 号：TF57[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]