凝视与反凝视:北京冬奥会女性意识的表达与展望  

Gazing and Counter-Gazing:The Expression and Prospect of Women's Consciousness in the Beijing Winter Olympic Games

作　　者：贾玉贞 张宏宇[1] JIA Yuzhen;ZHANG Hongyu(School of Postgraduate,Harbin Sport University,Harbin 150008,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨体育学院研究生院,黑龙江哈尔滨150008

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2023年第6期1-6,共6页China Winter Sports

摘　　要：北京冬奥会被外界评价为有史以来“性别最均衡”的一届冬奥会,有力推动了女性打破时代束缚,重构了女性的价值与形象。运用凝视理论,通过文献资料、案例分析、文本分析等研究方法,围绕北京冬奥会中的女性意识表达进行研究。发现面对社会普遍存在的“男性凝视”,北京冬奥会报道中的性别凝视不断消解,女性运动员通过“反凝视”开启身份、制度、身体三个维度的表达,以此来建构女性的主体性;同时,惯性的“他者凝视”在赛场内外并没有彻底消失,而是以更加延迟、间接、隐蔽的方式对女性进行设定。未来奥运会发展中女性意识表达应坚持平等描绘原则,培养体育女性意见领袖;坚持交往理性原则,构建平等的女性体育意识表达场域;理性认识女性赋权,保障女性体育权益,以此促进体育领域的性别平等发展,推动人类文明与社会进步。The Beijing Winter Olympics has been evaluated as the "most gender-balanced" Winter Olympics ever,which has strongly pushed women to break the constraints of the times and reconstructed the value and image of women.This paper has studied the expression of female consciousness in the Beijing Winter Olympics by using the gazing theory and the methods of literature review,case analysis,text analysis and other research methods.It's found that facing with the "male gazing" prevailing in the society,the gender gazing in the coverage of the Beijing Winter Olympics has been dissolving,and female athletes have opened up the expression of the three dimensions of identity,system,and body through the "counter-gazing",so as to construct the female subjectivity;meanwhile,the customary "other gazing" has not completely disappeared inside and outside the stadium,but rather sets women in a more delayed,indirect,and hidden way.In the future development of the Olympic Games,the expression of women's consciousness should adhere to the principle of equal portrayal and cultivate female opinion leaders in sports;stick to the principle of rational interaction and build an equal field for women's expression of sports consciousness;and rationally understand women's empowerment and safeguard the rights and interests of women's sports,so as to promote the development of gender equality in the field of sports,as well as to promote the civilization of mankind and the progress of the society.

关 键 词：凝视 反凝视 北京冬奥会 女性体育 女性意识 

分 类 号：G80-051[文化科学—运动人体科学]