中美残疾人冬季两项运动员选材的比较研究与启示  

A Comparative Study and Inspiration on the Selection of Athletes with Disabilities in Winter Biathlon between China and the United States

作　　者：王润极 张茜岚 魏禹婷 张亮竹 WANG Runji;ZHANG Qianlan;WEI Yuting;ZHANG Liangzhu(School of Physical Education,Changchun Normal University,Changchun 130032,China;Office of Scientific and Research,Changchun Normal University,Changchun 130032,China;School of Business,Changchun Humanities and Sciences College,Changchun 130117,China)

机构地区：[1]长春师范大学体育学院,吉林长春130032 [2]长春师范大学科研处,吉林长春130032 [3]长春人文学院商学院,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2023年第6期32-37,共6页China Winter Sports

基　　金：吉林省教育科学“十四五”规划课题(GH23092);吉林省教育厅社会科学研究项目(JJKH20240984SK)。

摘　　要：美国残疾人冬季两项项目近年来发展迅速,正视差异、追赶差距是目前我国该项目发展的重要任务和关键目标。通过文献资料法、访谈法和数理统计法,对中美两国残疾人冬季两项运动员的年龄特征、身体形态特征及伤残背景进行比较。结果发现:美国残疾人冬季两项运动员的年龄结构偏大,更注重残疾人运动员相对力量水平的训练和培养,会选择有军事伤残背景的运动员以适应冬季两项中滑行和射击的要求。启示我们在进行残疾人冬季两项运动员选材时,应提高运动员年龄阈值,提高中生代运动员的心理稳定性、坚韧性和抗压能力;应注重运动员相对力量水平的训练和培养,使之更贴合运动专项的竞技需要;应理性认识不同伤残背景对于项目的意义,科学合理地扩大选材范围,将有部队训练背景的残疾人纳入到选择视野之内,以此提高我国残疾人冬季两项项目的竞技实力。The winter biathlon program for people with disabilities in the United States has developed rapidly in recent years,and facing up and catching up with differences is currently an important task and key goal for the development of this program in China.This paper has compared the age characteristics,physical morphological characteristics,and disability background of disabled biathlon athletes from China and United States by using the method of literature review,interview and mathematical statistics.The study shows that the age structure of American disabled winter biathlon athletes is relatively large,and they pay more attention to the training and cultivation of their relative strength levels.They will choose athletes with military disability backgrounds to adapt to the requirements of gliding and shooting in winter biathlon.It inspires us when selecting the disabled biathlon athletes,it should increase the age threshold of athletes and enhance the psychological stability,resilience,and stress resistance of middle-aged athletes.It should pay attention to the training and cultivation of the relative strength level of athletes,so as to make them more close to the competitive needs of the sport;It also should rationally recognize the significance of different disability backgrounds to the program,expand the scope of selection scientifically and reasonably,and include the disabled people with army training background into the selection field,so as to improve the competitive strength of the biathlon program for the disabled in China.

关 键 词：残疾人冬季两项 运动员选材 中美对比 启示 

分 类 号：G865[文化科学—体育训练]