脱硫石膏与聚谷氨酸配施对盐碱化土壤的改良效果  

Effects of Desulfurized Gypsum Applied Combined with Polyglutamic Acid on Improving Saline Soil

作　　者：张灵芝 李蒙 李洪义 殷俐娜[1,4] 王仕稳 Zhang Lingzhi;Li Meng;Li Hongyi;Yin Lina;Wang Shiwen(College of Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710075,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Hanbin District,Ankang City,Ankang,Shaanxi 725000,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学,资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,陕西西安710075 [3]安康市汉滨区农业农村局,陕西安康725000 [4]西北农林科技大学,水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第6期115-125,共11页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“典型区域中低产田土壤固碳与产能提升协同技术模式落地机制与示范应用”(2022YFD1901605)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究脱硫石膏与聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)配施对盐碱化土壤的改良效果,为改良西北地区盐碱化土壤提供理论和技术依据。[方法]通过土柱模拟淋溶试验和盆栽模拟生长试验,从促进盐分淋洗,降低土壤含盐量,降低土壤pH值,改善土壤养分状况,促进作物生长的角度对脱硫石膏和γ-PGA配合施用对盐碱地的改良效果进行研究。[结果]脱硫石膏与γ-PGA配施能进一步降低淋后土壤的pH值,提高Na^(+)淋洗;可降低淋洗后HCO_(3)^(-)和Cl^(-)的含量,但提高淋洗后土壤SO_(4)^(2-),Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)含量;有效降低淋后土壤钠吸附比(SAR)值。盆栽试验表明脱硫石膏与γ-PGA配施可显著增加玉米的株高、叶面积和干重,其中生长30 d时该处理玉米干重达到最大值,较对照处理增加了54.40%,较单施脱硫石膏和γ-PGA处理分别增加了40.27%和29.47%。此外,脱硫石膏与γ-PGA配施植株收获后土壤的pH值更低,且土壤N,P,K养分含量和土壤酶活性更高。[结论]脱硫石膏和γ-PGA配施能起到较好的互补增效作用,进一步促进了土壤离子交换,降低了pH值,提高了土壤养分含量,促进了作物生长。[Objective] The effects of desulfurized gypsum and polyglutamic acid(γ-PGA) improves saline soil were studied in order to provide a theoretical and technical basis for improving saline soil in Northwest China.[Methods] Simulated leaching tests in soil columns and simulated growth tests in pots were used to determine the effect of combining desulfurized gypsum with γ-PGA on saline soils from the perspectives of promoting salt leaching,reducing soil salinity,lowering soil pH value,improving soil nutrient status,and promoting crop growth.[Results] The leaching tests showed that combining desulfurized gypsum with γ-PGA could further reduce soil pH value after leaching and increase Na~+ leaching;reduce HCO_(3)^(-) and Cl^(-) contents after leaching,but increase SO_(4)^(2-),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+) contents;and effectively reduce the sodium adsorption ratio(SAR) value of the soil.Desulfurized gypsum combined with γ-PGA significantly increased maize height,leaf area,and dry weight,with maximum dry weight at 30 days of growth increasing by 54.40% compared with the control treatment,and by 40.27% and 29.47% compared with desulfurized gypsum and γ-PGA treatments alone,respectively.In addition,soil pH value was lower and soil N,P,and K nutrient contents and soil enzyme activities were higher after the plants were harvested from the combined desulfurized gypsum and γ-PGA treatment.[Conclusion] The application of desulfurized gypsum and γ-PGA can produce complementary and synergistic effects,thereby further promoting soil ion exchange,lowering pH value,increasing soil nutrient content,and promoting crop growth.

关 键 词：盐碱化 土壤改良剂 盐分淋溶 土壤养分 玉米 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] X53[农业科学—农业基础科学]