微地形改造对天山南麓寒旱矿区土壤水分动态的影响  

Effects of Micro-topography Modification on Soil Moisture Dynamics in Cold and Arid Mining Areas of Southern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain

作　　者：鲁元波 严成[1,2] 宋春武[1,3] 李雅娟 来赪雲 朱家龙 Lu Yuanbo;Yan Cheng;Song Chunwu;Li Yajuan;Lai Chengyun;Zhu Jialong(National Engineering Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China;Mosuo Bay Desert Research Station,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Xinjiang Baicheng Runhua Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,Baicheng,Xinjiang 842300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,国家荒漠—绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站,新疆石河子832000 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]新疆拜城润华煤业有限公司,新疆拜城842300

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第6期126-132,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：企业委托项目“拜城润华煤矿无(低)灌溉植被生态修复关键技术研发集成与试验示范”。

摘　　要：[目的]明确微地形改造对(0—50 cm)土壤水分时空动态影响的变化规律,为天山南麓寒旱矿区的土地复垦及生态系统重建提供科学依据和理论支撑。[方法]以拜城润华煤矿区覆土平台和边坡改造后的微地形为试验对象,监测了2022年5—11月的土壤水分,并进行对比试验分析。[结果]平台集水坡面和蓄水沟改造土壤含水率分别比对照提高了37.03%和25.85%,提升效果表现为:集水坡面>蓄水沟;蓄水沟和集水坡面改造方式提高了土壤水分的时间稳定性,其作用效果表现为:蓄水沟>集水坡面。边坡反坡梯田和鱼鳞坑改造土壤含水率分别提高了6.48%和13.22%,提升效果表现为:鱼鳞坑>反坡梯田;鱼鳞坑改造方式提高了土壤水分的时间稳定性,反坡梯田改造方式降低了土壤水分的时间稳定性。[结论]在平台和边坡2种地形条件下,集水坡面改造更有利于受损矿区平台生态治理,鱼鳞坑改造更有利于受损矿区边坡生态治理。[Objective] The effects of spatial and temporal dynamics of soil moisture on micro-topography modification(0—50 cm) were determined in order to provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for land reclamation and ecosystem reconstruction in cold and arid mining areas of the southern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain.[Methods] The study was conducted in the coal-mining area of Baicheng Runhua.Micro-topography changes to the overburden platform and slope of reclaimed mine land were evaluated.Soil moisture content was monitored from May to November 2022 for comparative experimental analysis.[Results] The soil moisture content of the platform storage ditch and the catchment slope transformation increased 37.03% and 25.85% respectively,and the relative enhancement effect was shown to be catchment slope > storage ditch.The water storage ditch and the catchment slope modification methods improved the temporal stability of soil moisture,and their relative effects were found to be water storage ditch > catchment slope.The soil moisture contents of the side slope reverse-slope terraces and the fish-scale pit transformation increased by 6.48% and 13.22%,respectively,and the relative enhancement effect was shown to be fish-scale pit> reverse-slope terrace.The fish-scale pit transformation method improved the temporal stability of soil moisture,and the reverse-slope terrace transformation method reduced the temporal stability of soil moisture.[Conclusion] Under the two topographical conditions of platform and side slope,the transformation of the catchment slope was more conducive to the ecological management of the damaged mine platform,and the transformation of the fish-scale pit was more conducive to the ecological management of the damaged mine slope.

关 键 词：微地形改造 土壤水分 土地复垦 天山 寒旱矿区 

分 类 号：S281[农业科学—农业水土工程]