草原矿区排土场沙障的生态保护成效  

Ecological Protection Effects Provided by Sand Barriers in a Grassland Mining Area

作　　者：丛龙宇 许丽 张春良 王银龙 胡努斯吐 齐海涵 Cong Longyu;Xu Li;Zhang Chunliang;Wang Yinlong;Hunusitu;Qi Haihan(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,College of Desert Management,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;Key Laboratory of Wind and Sand Physics of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Mongolian Grass Ecological Environment(Group)Limited by Share Ltd.,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010,China;Wengniute Banner Water Conservancy Bureau,Chifeng,Inner Mongolia 024500,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区风沙物理学重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]翁牛特旗水利局,内蒙古赤峰024500

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第6期193-199,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“内蒙古典型矿区生态修复技术集成与示范:内蒙古典型矿区流域水文地貌重塑与水土固持调控关键技术研究”(2020ZD0020-21)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同沙障的防风效能及对其表层土壤粒度组成、土壤养分和植被生长的影响,为草原矿区排土场边坡沙障优选提供理论依据。[方法]以研究区排土场边坡设置不同规格(0.5 m×0.5 m,1.0 m×1.0 m和1.5 m×1.5 m)的苇帘沙障和沙柳(Salix psammophila)沙障为研究对象,选取防风效能、表层土壤粒度组成、土壤养分和植被生长情况来评估排土场边坡不同沙障的生态保护成效。[结果](1)布设沙障可降低地表风速,0.5 m×0.5 m苇帘沙障在10 cm高度处防风效能最大,为84.30%。防风效能总体表现为0.5 m×0.5 m>1.0 m×1.0 m>1.5 m×1.5 m。(2)0.5 m×0.5 m苇帘沙障表层土壤粉粒、极细砂和细砂含量占比最多,为58.28%,并且其土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、全磷含量最高,较对照分别增加了29.72%,29.69%,22.22%和83.33%;0.5 m×0.5 m沙柳沙障全钾含量最高,较对照增加了8.80%。(3)布设沙障促进了草本植物定居,使沙障小区内植物种类增多并且小规格沙障的植物种类均多于大规格沙障中的植物种类。[结论]布设沙障有利于排土场边坡生态修复,建议在草原矿区排土场恢复初期推广设置0.5 m×0.5 m苇帘沙障。[Objective] The wind protection effectiveness of different sand barriers and their effects on surface soil particle size composition,soil nutrients and vegetation growth werer studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal selection of sand barriers for dump slopes in grassland mining areas.[Methods] Reed curtain sand barriers and Salix psammophila sand barriers having different specifications(0.5 m×0.5 m,1.0 m×1.0 m,and 1.5 m×1.5 m) were set up on a dump slope in the study area.Wind protection effectiveness,soil particle size composition,soil nutrients,and vegetation growth were used to evaluate the ecological protection effects of different sand barriers on the dump slope.[Results](1) The sand barrier reduced the surface wind speed,and the wind protection effectiveness of the 0.5 m×0.5 m reed curtain sand barrier was the highest at the height of 10 cm(84.30% efficiency).The overall wind protection effectiveness of the sand barriers followed the order of 0.5 m×0.5 m > 1.0 m×1.0 m > 1.5 m×1.5 m.(2) The content of silt,very fine sand,and fine sand in the surface soil of the 0.5 m×0.5 m reed curtain sand barriers accounted for 58.28% of the total particle size fractions.Soil moisture content,organic matter,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus content were the highest for this treatment,and were 29.72%,29.69%,22.22% and 83.33%,respectively,greater than the values observed for the control treatment.The total potassium content of the soil with the 0.5 m×0.5 m S.psammophila sand barrier was the highest(8.80% greater than observed for the soil from the control treatment.(3) The placement of sand barriers promoted the establishment of herbaceous plants,resulting in an increase in the number of plant species in the sand barrier plots,and a greater number of plant species in the small-size sand barriers than in the large-size sand barriers.[Conclusion] Sand barrier construction is beneficial to the ecological restoration of dump slopes.These results suggest that the construction of 0.5 m×0.5 m ree

关 键 词：草原矿区 沙障 防风效能 土壤粒度 土壤养分 植被生长 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171.1