温度和孵化方式对大鳍鳠受精卵孵化效果的影响  

Effect of temperatures and hatching methods on the hatching of Mystus macropterus fertilized eggs

作　　者：李晓莉[1] 朱永久[1] 吴兴兵[1] 杨德国[1] 李学梅[1] 朱挺兵[1] LI Xiaoli;ZHU Yongjiu;WU Xingbing;YANG Deguo;LI Xuemei;ZHU Tingbing(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,武汉430223

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第1期19-26,共8页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：湖北省长江野生鱼类繁育驯化科技攻关项目;财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-46);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费院级湖库增殖渔业创新团队项目(2020TD57)。

摘　　要：为探究大鳍鳠(Mystus macropterus)受精卵的最适孵化温度及孵化方式,采用单因子设计实验研究了不同温度(22、24、26、28和30℃)、不同孵化方式(脱黏孵化(蛋白酶脱黏、滑石粉脱黏)、挂网孵化、孵化框孵化)对大鳍鳠受精卵孵化效果的影响。结果表明:大鳍鳠仔鱼出膜率随孵化温度的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,分别为22℃组(0)<30℃组(12.51%)<24℃组(17.95%)<26℃组(25.40%)<28℃组(30.51%),不同温度组差异显著,二项式拟合得到最适孵化温度为26.8℃;出膜后24 h成活率表现为24℃组(54.76%)显著低于26℃组(95.45%)、28℃组(91.67%)和30℃组(92.59%),后三者之间差异不显著;96 h成活率分别为52.38%、90.91%、92.59%和40.74%,表明低温(24℃)和高温(30℃)都显著影响成活率。仔鱼出膜时间随温度的上升而逐渐缩短,范围为46~88 h。4种孵化方式的24 h好卵率结果表明挂网组(48.11%)>孵化框组(45.05%)>蛋白酶脱黏组(19.98%)>滑石粉脱黏组(15.32%),四个实验组之间差异显著。出膜率表现为挂网组(16.07%)>蛋白酶脱黏组(12.08%)>孵化框组(9.61%)>滑石粉脱黏组(9.26%)。出膜率/24 h好卵率显示脱黏组的值最大(均为60.46%),显著高于挂网组(33.40%)和孵化框组(21.32%)。在实验设置的3个蛋白酶脱黏浓度梯度下,24 h和48 h好卵率均表现为0.75 g/L组显著高于3 g/L组和1.5 g/L组,后两者之间差异不显著,出膜率则表现为随浓度降低而显著降低的趋势,说明卵膜对受精卵起到较好的保护作用,同时对出膜过程造成困难,导致出膜率降低。可见,温度和孵化方式均对大鳍鳠受精卵孵化有显著影响,大鳍鳠的最适孵化温度为26.8℃,孵化方式优先选择蛋白酶脱黏孵化,浓度为3 g/L。Mystus macropterus,which belongs to the Bagrdae family of the Siluriformes order of Osteichthyes,was a fast-growing and large economic fish species found naturally in the mainstream and tributaries of the Yangtze and Pearl Rivers.It had high levels of protein,fat,essential amino acids,and umami amino acids,making it highly valued for consumption.However,the lack of breakthroughs in large-scale breeding of this species had hindered its industrial development.Temperature was an important environmental factor that affected the early growth and development of fish,playing a key physiological role in embryo hatching and metabolism regulation and serving as one of the decisive factors affecting embryo survival,fertilization rate,and hatching rate.M.macropterus fertilized eggs had weak adhesion,and hanging net hatching was currently the main method used in production.However,due to difficulties in water quality management,fertilized eggs were prone to generate water mold,resulting in unstable hatching outcomes.Therefore,exploring suitable temperature and hatching methods for M.macropterus fertilized eggs was also an important research area in the artificial breeding process of this species.In order to achieve the above objectives,a single-factor experimental design was used to study the effects of different temperatures(22℃,24℃,26℃,28℃,and 30℃)and hatching methods(degumming hatching[protease degumming,talcum powder degumming],hanging net hatching,and incubation box hatching)on hatching of M.macropterus embryos.The results showed that the hatching rate of M.macropterus larvae increased first and then decreased with the increase in hatching temperature,with the order of 22℃group(0)<30℃(12.51%)<24℃(17.95%)<26℃group(25.40%)<28℃group(30.51%).The differences among different temperature groups were significant,and the binomial fitting obtained the optimal hatching temperature of 26.8℃.The survival rate after 24 hours of hatching showed that the 24℃group(54.76%)was significantly lower than the 26℃group

关 键 词：大鳍鳠(Mystus macropterus) 受精卵 温度 孵化方式 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]