饲料中添加有机酸复合物对凡纳滨对虾生长、营养物质利用、血清生化指标和肠道微生物的影响  

Effects of adding organic acid complex in diets on growth,nutrient utilization,serum biochemical indexes and intestinal microflora of Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：柯虹瑜 王瑗瑗 张鑫 姚文祥 李小勤[1] 冷向军[1,2,3] KE Hongyu;WANG Yuanyuan;ZHANG Xin;YAO Wenxiang;LI Xiaoqin;LENG Xiangjun(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology Research Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第1期76-85,共10页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新—水产养殖动物新型蛋白源开发与高效饲料研制”(2019YFD0900200)。

摘　　要：本实验研究了饲料中添加有机酸复合物对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、营养物质利用率、肝胰腺酶活、血清非特异性免疫酶活性和肠道微生物组成的影响。在含鱼粉10%的基础饲料中分别添加0、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%的有机酸复合物(organic acids complex,OC,主要成分为富马酸、三丁酸甘油酯),制成4种等氮、等脂饲料(OC-0,OC-5,OC-10,OC-15)。将1000尾(1.0±0.1)g对虾随机分配到20个网箱(每组5个网箱,每网箱50尾虾)中,分别投喂上述4种饲料8周。结果显示,和对照组相比,饲料中添加0.10%和0.15%有机酸复合物,增重率分别提高了18.7%和17.9%,饲料系数分别降低了16.1%和18.5%。在全虾成分方面,添加OC显著降低了全虾粗脂肪含量,OC-5,OC-10的粗蛋白含量也较对照组显著提高。饲料中添加有机酸复合物对凡纳滨对虾的营养物质消化率无显著影响,但显著提高了肝胰腺淀粉酶活性和血清超氧化物歧化酶活性。对肠道菌群的分析表明,饲料中添加0.10%OC增加了凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群丰度。综上,在饲料中添加有机酸复合物可以促进凡纳滨对虾的生长,提高饲料利用率,有机酸复合物的适宜添加量为0.10%。Due to the risk of drug residues and resistance,antibiotics have been banned from being used as feed additives in aquatic feeds.Some organic acids have been reported to improve the growth and health of shrimp,presenting the potential to substitute antibiotics.For their synergistic effects organic acids complex may play more functions than a single organic acid.Therefore,this study investigated the effects of dietary organic acid complex on growth performance,nutrient utilization,hepatopancreas enzyme activity,serum non-specific immune enzyme activity and intestinal microbial composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.Firstly,a control diet was formulated to contain 10%fish meal,then microencapsulated organic acids complex(OC,fumaric acid and tributyrin as the major components)was added with 0,0.05%,0.10%,and 0.15%inclusion to form four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets as OC-0,OC-5,OC-10,OC-15.A total of 1000 shrimp(1.0±0.1 g)were randomly allocated into 20 cages(5 cages per group,50 shrimp per cage)and fed with the above four diets for eight weeks.Compared to the OC-0 group,the weight gain of OC-5 and OC-10 groups increased by 18.7%and 17.9%,and the feed conversion ratio decreased by 16.1%and 18.5%,respectively.In body composition,the addition of OC reduced the crude fat significantly,and the crude protein contents of OC-5 and OC-10 groups were significantly higher than that of OC-0 group.Dietary supplementation of OC had no significant effect on nutrient digestibility,but significantly increased hepatopancreas amylase activity and serum SOD activity.The analysis of intestinal microbiota showed that dietary OC(0.10%)increased the abundance of intestinal flora in L.vannamei.In summary,organic acid complexes in diets can promote the growth and feed utilization of L.vannamei,and the appropriate addition amount of OC is 0.10%.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei) 有机酸 营养利用 消化酶 血清生化指标 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]