我国农业生态补偿制度的实施困境及完善路径  

Difficulty in Implementing Agri-ecological Compensation System in China and Paths of Its Improvement

作　　者：章蓝澜 ZHANG Lanan(School of Humanities and Law,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学文法学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《江苏工程职业技术学院学报》2023年第4期108-112,共5页Journal of Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology

摘　　要：长期以来,我国农业补贴政策的侧重点放在粮食产量的提高上,对生态环境的保护有所忽略,这导致农业面源污染严重。基于此,国家通过财政转移支付的途径,运用农业生态补偿制度来激励农民保护生态环境,但制度在实施过程中存在一些困境,如农业生态系统服务提供者的受偿主体地位被忽视,农业生态系统服务提供主体之间利益分配失衡,农业生态补偿考核评价制度有待完善等。在法律制度建构上正视生态系统服务提供者的主体地位,重构生态系统服务提供者之间的利益分配关系,健全考核评价制度,才能使我国农业生态补偿制度的实施走出困境,实现农业产业的绿色转型与可持续发展。While laying emphasis on growth of food production,the agricultural subsidy policy in China had long paid little attention to the protection of ecological environment,resulting in serious agricultural non-point source pollution.In order to settle this problem,China has adopted agri-ecological compensation system in which transfer payments are employed to urge farmers’protection of environment.However,some problems that have arisen due to the application of such system need to be solved,including the neglected principal status of agricultural ecosystem service providers as compensation receivers,the imbalanced distribution of benefit among those providers,as well as imperfect assessment and evaluation system.In terms of this,we need to keep in perspective the principal status of those providers by law,rebuild the providers’relationship of benefit distribution,and improve the assessment and evaluation system.Only in this way can we find a way out of dilemma for agri-ecological compensation system and accomplish the transition to green energy and the sustainable development of agricultural industry.

关 键 词：农业生态补偿 生态系统服务 受偿主体 生态文明制度 生态环境保护 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]