北方不冻水域落单中华秋沙鸭及其混合群的越冬对策  

Overwintering Strategy of Single Scaly-sided Merganser and Its Mixed Flocks in Ice-free Waters of Northern China

作　　者：郝亚南[1] 田然 王卓 赵永斌 易国栋 刘军 刘志高 Hao Yanan;Tian Ran;Wang Zhuo;Zhao Yongbin;Yi Guodong;Liu Jun;Liu Zhigao(College of Life Sciences,Jilin Normal University,Siping,136000,Jilin;College of Educational Sciences,Jilin Normal University,Siping,136000,Jilin;The First Middle School of Yutian Hebei,Yutian,064100,Hebei;Forestry Pest Control and Quarantine Wildlife Protection Office of Liaoning Benxi Manchu Autonomous County,Benxi,117100,Liaoning)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学生命科学学院,吉林四平136000 [2]吉林师范大学教育科学学院,吉林四平136000 [3]河北玉田一中,河北玉田064100 [4]辽宁本溪满族自治县林业有害生物防治检疫野生动植物保护办公室,辽宁本溪117100

出　　处：《中国畜禽种业》2024年第1期70-76,共7页The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding

基　　金：吉林省科技厅项目(20220101331JC)。

摘　　要：中华秋沙鸭,是我国的濒危物种之一,通常在中国长江流域尤其是江西省越冬,但也存在少数个体在北方不冻水域越冬,研究中华秋沙鸭的越冬行为对于全面了解其种群数量与分布、生境选择,进而对其进行保护具有重要意义。2020年12月-2021年2月和2022年1-2月,在辽宁省本溪市太子河不冻水域,采用瞬时扫描法和固定样点法观测越冬的中华秋沙鸭及与该鸟混群的普通秋沙鸭的越冬行为,并对两者进行比对,同时还收集了在江西等地越冬的中华秋沙鸭群体行为数据,与本溪越冬的中华秋沙鸭进行比较。结果发现,连续2年均只有1只雄性中华秋沙鸭在该地越冬,而这些落单的中华秋沙鸭均选择与其亲缘关系较近的普通秋沙鸭混群,并且在栖息地选择方面表现出较强的特异性,同时在觅食、游泳、休息、游戏和梳羽等方面与普通秋沙鸭不存在差异。相反,本溪中华秋沙鸭的行为节律与江西等地越冬的中华秋沙鸭群体存在明显差异,暗示落单的中华秋水鸭的越冬行为可能受到温度及其混群对象的影响。The scaly-sided merganser,one of the endangered species in China,usually overwinters in the Yangtze River Basin,especially in Jiangxi Province.However,there are also a few individuals who overwinter in ice-free waters of northern China.Studying the overwintering behavior of the Chinese merganser is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of its population size and distribution,habitat selection,and protection.From December 2020 to February 2021,and from January to February 2022,the overwintering behavior of scaly-sided merganser and common mergansers mixed with this bird were observed using instantaneous scanning and fixed sampling methods in the unfrozen waters of the Taizi River in Benxi City,Liaoning Province.In addition,the data of overwintering behavior of scaly-sided merganser in Jiangxi province and other areas were collected for comparison with that of the scaly-sided merganser in Benxi City.The results showed that for two consecutive years,only one scaly-sided merganser overwintered in the area every year,and almost mixed with the common merganser that were closely related to them,showing strong specificity in habitat selection.Meanwhile,there were no differences in foraging,swimming,resting,playing,and combing feathers between them.On the contrary,there is a significant difference in the behavioral rhythm between scaly-sided merganser in Benxi City and in Jiangxi Province and other areas,suggesting that the overwintering behavior of single scaly-sided merganser may be influenced by temperature and their mixed population.

关 键 词：中华秋沙鸭 越冬行为 不冻水域 混群 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]