犊牦牛肾周棕色脂肪组织的发育及其产热相关基因的表达分析  

Analysis of the Development of Brown Adipose Tissue and Expression of Thermogenic-related Genes in Perirenal Fat of Yak Calves

作　　者：陈付菊[1] 赵宇田 马敏 CHEN Fuju;ZHAO Yutian;MA Min(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Ganquan County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service Center,Yan'an 716100,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]甘泉县畜牧兽医服务中心,陕西延安716100

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2024年第1期44-51,共8页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960686)。

摘　　要：棕色脂肪组织(BAT)作为非震颤性产热(NST)的主要产热器官,在新生动物的寒冷适应中发挥重要的作用。为探究犊牦牛肾周BAT的发育及其产热相关基因的表达,本试验采集1日龄、7日龄和30日龄犊牦牛肾周脂肪组织,利用苏木精-伊红染色观察脂肪细胞,利用透射电子显微镜观察脂滴和线粒体的超微结构,利用免疫组织化学染色、实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)检测解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)在脂肪细胞的定位、mRNA和蛋白表达水平,以及脂肪转化因子过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体α(PPARα)和过氧化物酶体增殖物受体γ共激活因子1α(PGC-1α)基因mRNA表达水平。结果显示,犊牦牛肾周存在2种类型的脂肪细胞,即含有小脂滴和大量线粒体的棕色脂肪细胞以及含有大脂滴和少量线粒体的白色脂肪细胞;与1日龄犊牦牛相比,7日龄和30日龄犊牦牛肾周白色脂肪细胞的面积和密度均显著增加(P<0.05),棕色脂肪细胞的面积和密度均显著降低(P<0.05);不同日龄犊牦牛肾周棕色脂肪细胞和白色脂肪细胞质膜上均有UCP1阳性表达,与1日龄犊牦牛相比,7日龄和30日龄犊牦牛肾周脂肪细胞中UCP1阳性表达强度均显著降低(P<0.05);与1日龄犊牦牛相比,30日龄犊牦牛肾周脂肪组织中BAT产热相关基因(UCP1、PPARα和PGC-1α)mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05);与1日龄犊牦牛相比,7日龄和30日龄犊牦牛肾周脂肪组织中UCP1蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,出生后犊牦牛肾周棕色脂肪细胞数量逐渐减少而白色脂肪细胞数量逐渐增加,且产热相关基因表达水平逐渐降低。该结果为深入探究犊牦牛寒冷适应机制提供了参考资料。Brown adipose tissue(BAT)serves as a primary heat-producing organ in non-shivering thermogenesis(NST)and plays a crucial role in the cold adaptation of neonatal animals.To investigate the development of kidney-adjacent brown adipose tissue(BAT)and the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in calves and yak calves,fat tissues were collected from the kidney-adjacent regions of 1-day-old,7-day-old,and 30-day-old animals.The study employed hematoxylin and eosin(H.E.)staining for observing fat cells,transmission electron microscopy for studying the ultrastructure of lipid droplets and mitochondria,immunohistochemical staining,real-time quantitative PCR,and Western blot to examine the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in fat cells,as well as the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha(PGC-1α).The results showed the presence of two types of fat cells in the kidney-adjacent area:brown adipose cells with small lipid droplets and abundant mitochondria,and white adipose cells with large lipid droplets and fewer mitochondria.Compared to 1-day-old animals,the area and density of white adipose cells significantly increased(P<0.05),while brown adipose cell area and density significantly decreased in 7-day-old and 30-day-old animals(P<0.05).UCP1-positive expression was observed on the cytomembrane of brown and white adipose cells in different age groups.The intensity of UCP1-positive expression in fat cells significantly decreased in 7-day-old and 30-day-old animals compared to 1-day-old animals(P<0.05).The mRNA expression levels of BAT thermogenesis-related genes(UCP1,PPARα,and PGC-1α)in kidney-adjacent fat tissue of 30-day-old animals significantly decreased compared to 1-day-old animals(P<0.05).The protein expression level of UCP1 in kidney-adjacent fat tissue significantly decreased in 7-day-old and 30-day-old animals compared to 1-day-old animals(P<0.05).The results indicate a gradual decrease in t

关 键 词：犊牦牛 肾周脂肪 棕色脂肪组织 产热相关基因 

分 类 号：S852.1[农业科学—基础兽医学]