复方中草药对兔生长性能和肠道健康的影响  

Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health in Rabbits

作　　者：徐翔飞 黄盼 崔雪梅 季权安[2] 肖琛闻[2] 韦强[2] 黄叶娥 鲍国连 刘燕[2] XU Xiangfei;HUANG Pan;CUI Xuemei;JI Quanan;XIAO Chenwen;WEI Qiang;HUANG Yee;BAO Guolian;LIU Yan(College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medicine,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,浙江杭州310021

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2024年第1期134-143,共10页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：浙江省“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2023C02047);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C02007,2021C02068-7);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金(CARS-43-C-2)。

摘　　要：为了研究复方中草药对兔生长性能、免疫功能、肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化能力、肠道形态和肠道微生物的影响,本试验选取72只5周龄健康新西兰大白兔,随机分成对照组(CN,饲喂基础饲粮)和中草药组(CM,基础饲粮中添加600 mg/kg复方中草药),每组36只,试验周期为42 d。每周测定各组兔的采食量和体增重,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G);试验第21、42天,每组随机选择4只健康兔,采血分离血清,检测生化指标和免疫指标;试验结束(第42天),收集兔小肠肠段,通过ELISA检测小肠黏膜消化酶活性和抗氧化指标,苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色观察小肠绒毛形态,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测紧密连接蛋白mRNA的相对表达量,高通量测序分析盲肠微生物多样性。结果显示,两组间ADFI、ADG和F/G均差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,在试验第21天时,中草药组兔血清中总胆固醇(Tchol)含量极显著降低(P<0.01);在试验第42天时,中草药组兔血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量和回肠黏膜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);肠道中消化酶(α-淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)活性显著升高(P<0.05);空肠中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);空肠绒毛长度(V)显著增长(P<0.05),隐窝深度(C)显著降低(P<0.05),绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值(V/C)极显著升高(P<0.01);十二指肠中闭锁蛋白(Occludin)mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05),回肠中膜周蛋白(ZO-1)和Occludin mRNA相对表达量也显著上调(P<0.05);盲肠内容物细菌16S rRNA基因的菌群丰富度指数(Chaol)丰度值显著升高(P<0.05);盲肠在属水平分类上的主要优势菌群为梭菌属(Clostridiales)和阿克曼菌属(Akkermansia)等。结果表明,兔日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂能增强机体免疫力和抗�To investigate the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on the growth performance,immune function,intestinal digestive enzyme activity,antioxidant capacity,intestinal morphology,and intestinal microbiota of rabbits,72 healthy 5-week-old New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into Control group(CN,fed with basic feed)and Chinese herbal medicine group(CM,basic feed supplemented with 600 mg/kg of compound Chinese herbal medicine)with 36 rabbits in each group.The experimental period lasted for 42 days.Feed intake and body weight gain were measured weekly,and average daily feed intake(ADFI),average daily gain(ADG),and feed-to-gain ratio(F/G)were calculated.On days 21 and 42 of the experiment,four healthy rabbits were randomly selected from each group,and blood was collected to detect biochemical and immune indicators.At the end of the experiment(day 42),the small intestine segments were collected,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the enzyme activity and antioxidant indicators of the intestinal mucosa,hematoxylin-eosin(H.E.)staining was performed to observe intestinal villus morphology,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the relative expression of tight junction protein mRNA,and high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze cecal microbial diversity.The results showed no significant differences(P>0.05)in ADFI,ADG,and F/G between the two groups.Compared with the CN group,on day 21 of the experiment,the serum total cholesterol(Tchol)content in the CM group was significantly decreased(P<0.01).On day 42,the CM group exhibited a significant increase in serum immunoglobulin M(IgM)contents and secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)contents in the ileal mucosa(P<0.05).Additionally,there was a significant increase in intestinal digestive enzyme activities(α-amylase,trypsin,and chymotrypsin)(P<0.05);increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in the jejunum(P<0.05),decreased glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(P<0.05),and significantly reduced m

关 键 词：复方中草药 兔 生长性能 消化酶 肠道发育 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S858.291[农业科学—临床兽医学]