基于行为安全“2-4”模型理论的建筑施工事故行为原因分析  

Behavioral causes analysis of construction accidents based on behavior-based accident causation 24Model theory

作　　者：孙世梅[1,2] 孙祖航 冯子阳 傅贵[3] SUN Shimei;SUN Zuhang;FENG Ziyang;FU Gui(School of Emergency Science and Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun Jilin 130118,China;Institute of Accidents Prevention Scientific Research,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun Jilin 130118,China;School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林建筑大学应急科学与工程学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林建筑大学事故预防科学研究院,吉林长春130118 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2023年第11期30-37,共8页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(51774149)。

摘　　要：为深入探究我国建筑施工行业事故发生特点,运用行为安全“2-4”模型理论,从人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态、安全知识、安全意识、安全习惯、安全管理、安全文化等方面着手,全面、系统地分析建筑施工中5大典型伤害事故(高处坠落事故、物体打击事故、机械伤害事故、坍塌事故、触电事故)发生的原因;根据事故发生的权重对不同阶段原因的发生率和影响度进行重要度计算。结果表明:导致建筑施工事故发生的主要原因是个人行为,即不按规程佩戴个人防护用品、未意识到安全培训的重要性、安全管理制度欠缺、忽视安全培训需求;未按规章进行作业、设备故障、缺少个人防护用品使用知识、安全检查制度欠缺、安全的重要度等为重要原因。安全监管人员在未来工作中应着重应对主要原因和重要原因,事先预防以保障企业安全生产。In order to conduct in-depth research on the characteristics of accidents in China's construction industry,using the behavior-based accident causation 24Model theory,starting from aspects such as human unsafe behaviors,unsafe states of objects,safety knowledge,safety awareness,safety habits,safety management,and safety culture,the causes of the five typical injury accidents in building construction were analyzed comprehensively and systematically,namely high-altitude fall accidents,object strike accidents,mechanical injury accidents,collapse accidents,and electric shock accidents.Based on the weight of accidents,the importance of the occurrence rate and impact degree of the causes at different stages was calculated.The results indicate that the main causes of construction accidents are personal behaviors,such as not wearing personal protective equipment according to regulations,not realizing the importance of safety training,lacking safety management systems,and neglecting safety training needs.The important reasons of construction accidents are failure to operate according to regulations,equipment malfunction,lack of knowledge on the use of personal protective equipment,lack of safety inspection system,and the importance of safety.In future work,safety supervisors should focus on addressing the main and important reasons and preventing them in advance to ensure work safety of enterprises.

关 键 词：行为安全 “2-4”模型 建筑施工事故 行为原因 物态原因 

分 类 号：X948[环境科学与工程—安全科学]