全周期应急能力培养模式的构建与实施  

Construction and implementation of a full-cycle emergency ability training pattern

作　　者：黄志安[1,2] 文诗怡 于荣霞 丁浩 刘佳[1,2] 赵焕娟 HUANG Zhian;WEN Shiyi;YU Rongxia;DING Hao;LIU Jia;ZHAO Huanjuan(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Safety Science,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Risk Assessment and Control,Guangdong Technology Center of Work Safety,Guangzhou Guangdong 510050,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学大安全科学研究院,北京100083 [3]广东省安全生产技术中心有限公司风险评估和控制研究所,广东广州510050

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2023年第11期38-44,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：北京科技大学2021年度本科教育教学改革面上项目(JG2021M01)。

摘　　要：为提高高等院校应急人才的培养质量,解决应急人才短缺问题,基于危机管理的4个阶段(危机前预防阶段、危机前准备阶段、危机爆发期反应和危机结束期恢复),构建安全类专业全周期应急能力体系,该体系涵盖危机预防能力、风险研判能力、应急保障能力、信息报送能力等8项能力指标点,提出从理论到实践、囊括应急技能培训、多场景演练、教学基地实践等6项活动的应急能力培养模式。依托人力、平台、制度和经费的全方位保障,保证应急能力培养工作的顺利开展;采用考核实操化和评价数据化评价学生应急能力,根据反馈针对学生个体和班级整体设置改进机制,确保培养效果。结果表明:随着该体系的构建与实施,6项活动覆盖率提升至85%,4大类应急演练覆盖率提升至100%,学生主持参与的应急相关项目数量增加到10余项,申请专利5项,多次获得国家级奖项和北京市奖项。In order to improve the cultivation quality and solve the shortages of emergency personnel of higher educational institutions,a full-cycle emergency capability system for safety majors was established based on the four stages of crisis management(pre-crisis prevention stage,pre-crisis preparation stage,response during the outbreak of crisis and recovery during the end of crisis).It covers eight capability index points,such as crisis prevention capability,risk judgment capability,emergency protection capability,and information reporting capability.An emergency capacity training pattern from theory to practice was proposed,which includes six activities such as emergency response skills training,multi-scenario drills,and practice at teaching bases.The emergency capacity training can be carried out smoothly relying on the comprehensive guarantee of manpower,platform,system and funds.The evaluation of students'emergency response ability was carried out with the assessment of practical operation and evaluation of data,and the improvement mechanism was set for individual students and the class as a whole according to the feedback to ensure the training effect.The results show that with the construction and implementation of the system,the coverage rate of 6 activities increase to 85%,the coverage rate of 4 types of emergency drills increase to 100%,the number of emergency-related projects presided over by students increase to more than 10,apply for 5 patents,and win national awards and Beijing awards for many times.

关 键 词：全周期应急能力 培养模式 安全类专业 多场景演练 评价与改进机制 

分 类 号：X925[环境科学与工程—安全科学]