城镇街巷空间人群通行疏散及碰撞风险定量模拟  

Quantitative simulation of pedestrian evacuation and collision risk in urban street space

作　　者：刘晓芳[1] 吝涛 于琪 曹馨 LIU Xiaofang;LIN Tao;YU Qi;CAO Xin(School of Architecture,Huaqiao University,Xiamen Fujian 361021,China;Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen Fujian 361021,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学建筑学院,福建厦门361021 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所,福建厦门361021 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2023年第11期133-141,共9页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(42271299)。

摘　　要：为合理规划城镇街巷空间布局,定量化研究城镇街巷空间人群通行安全风险,组织实地场景人群通行活动的模拟试验。设计瓶颈式街巷空间布局试验、窄径式街巷空间布局试验、窄径式街巷阻碍物布局试验、速度试验4种实地模拟试验,量化分析通行时间、碰撞隔断设施次数、街巷宽度、街巷长度、阻碍物布局及通行速度等变量间的关系,探索城镇街巷空间布局及人群通行速度与人群疏散及碰撞风险的定量化关系。研究结果表明:瓶颈式街巷宽度与人群疏散及碰撞风险存在显著负相关,街巷宽度为1.5 m时出现安全风险拐点;窄径式街巷前的空间限定能起到较好引导组织人流的作用,减少人群疏散及碰撞风险;街巷空间内阻碍物集中设置在中间且变化频率大的布局对通行影响最大,增加人群疏散风险;狭窄街巷中快速行走未必能达到减少通行时间的效果。In order to reasonably do the spatial layout planning of urban streets and quantitatively study the passing safety risks of people in urban street space,simulation experiments of crowd activities in field scenarios were organized,and four types of field simulation experiments were designed,including bottleneck street space layout experiments,narrow-path street layout experiments,obstacle layout experiments in narrow-path street,and speed experiments.The quantitative relationships between the spatial layout of urban streets and crowd passing speed and pedestrian evacuation and collision risk were explored by quantitatively analyzing the relationships between passing time,collision partition number,street width,street length,obstacle layout and passing speed.The results show that the width of bottleneck street is significantly negatively correlated with the pedestrian evacuation and collision risk,and risk turning point occurs when the street width is 1.5 m,and the space limitation in front of narrow-path street can play a better role in guiding and organizing the flow of people to reduce the pedestrian evacuation and collision risk,and the layouts in which the obstacles are concentrated in the middle and change frequently in the street space have the greatest impact on crowd passing and increase the evacuation risk;and that in narrow-path street fast walking may not be able to reduce the passing time.

关 键 词：街巷空间 人群通行疏散 碰撞风险 瓶颈式街巷 窄径式街巷 

分 类 号：X956[环境科学与工程—安全科学]