基于损失定量的防汛应急物资配置优化研究  

Research on optimization of flood control emergency material allocation based on loss quantification

作　　者：王伟[1] 王芸清 黄莉[2] 余志成 李云瑶 WANG Wei;WANG Yunqing;HUANG Li;YU Zhicheng;LI Yunyao(College of Harbour,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210098;College of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211100)

机构地区：[1]河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学公共管理学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2023年第11期189-195,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(71974052);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3001002);江苏省水利科技计划项目(2020023)。

摘　　要：为优化防汛应急物资在各个应急节点仓库的配置,从多仓库协同储备角度,构建最短运输时间、最小储运成本(含最少运输费用、最小储备成本)、最少缺货损失等多目标优化的防汛应急物资配置优化模型。在构建缺货损失定量函数时,采用重心法处理需求量。采用进化算法求解模型,经方法对比后选用NSGAII算法求解结果,最终确定模型的帕累托解,再用逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)筛选确定最优配置方案,从而合理确定不同类别的防汛应急物资在各仓库的储备规模。设定洪涝灾害为强降水影响下13个地级市均产生物资需求的情况,以江苏省水利防汛物资储备中心5大分中心的仓库物资配置为例,进行实证分析。结果表明:优化后的物资储备方案可大幅降低缺货损失和运输成本,有助于提高防汛应急调度效率。To optimize the allocation of flood control emergency materials in each emergency node warehouse,from the perspective of multi-warehouse collaborative storage,a multi-objective optimization model for the allocation of flood control emergency materials was established,including the shortest transportation time,the smallest storage and transportation cost,and the least out-of-stock loss.When constructing the quantitative function for out-of-stock loss,the center of gravity method was used to process the demand quantity.Using evolutionary algorithms to solve the model,NSGAII algorithm was selected to obtain the Pareto solution of the model,and then Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)was used to screen and determine the optimal allocation scheme,so as to reasonably determine the storage scale of different types of flood control emergency materials in each warehouse.Setting flood disasters as the average demand for biological resources in 13 prefecture level cities under the influence of heavy rainfall and taking the material allocation of the five sub-center warehouses of Jiangsu Provincial Water Resource and Flood Control Material Reserve Center as an example,empirical analysis was conducted.The results show that the optimized reserve scheme greatly reduces the out-of-stock loss and transportation cost and improves the efficiency of flood control emergency dispatch.

关 键 词：防汛应急物资 物资配置 优化配置方案 缺货损失 运输成本 

分 类 号：X915.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]