聚磷酸铵改性酚醛泡沫阻燃及耐热性能研究  

Study on Flame Retardancy and Heat Resistance of Ammonium Polyphosphate Modified Phenolic Foam

作　　者：郑秋雨 王金玉 齐宇萱 张岩 ZHENG Qiu-yu;WANG Jin-yu;QI Yu-xuan;ZHANG Yan(College of Safety Engineering,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang 110136,China;Shenyang Municipal Fire and Rescue Brigade,Shenyang 110013,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学安全工程学院,辽宁沈阳110136 [2]沈阳市消防救援支队,辽宁沈阳110013

出　　处：《塑料科技》2023年第12期17-22,共6页Plastics Science and Technology

摘　　要：以苯酚与甲醛为原料合成酚醛树脂,并添加助剂与聚磷酸铵(APP),采用低温模塑发泡法制备改性酚醛泡沫(PF)。采用锥形量热仪、烟密度和热重分析分析不同APP添加量对PF燃烧性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:在PF中添加APP可以提高其阻燃性能和耐热性能,在60 kW/m_(2)热辐射强度下热释放速率峰值(PHRR)和总热释放量(THR)随着APP添加比例的提高而降低。当APP添加量为20%时,改性PF的PHRR由90.44 kW/m_(2)下降至11.92 kW/m_(2)。在无焰和有焰两种条件下,改性PF的烟密度随APP添加量增大而提高,透光率降低。升温速率为5℃/min条件下,随着APP添加量的增大,改性PF的热解温度逐渐提高,但APP添加量较低(≤5%)时,不同升温速率下改性PF热解特性均与纯PF无明显差异。升温速率≥30℃/min时,APP与PF热解产物形成的残炭在800℃未发生热解。APP添加量为10%~15%时,改性PF具有良好的阻燃性能和耐火性能。Phenolic resin was synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde,and modified phenolic foam(PF)was prepared using a low temperature molding foaming method with additives and ammonium polyphosphate(APP).The effects of different additions of APP on the combustion performance and thermal stability of PF were analyzed by a cone calorimeter,smoke density,and thermogravimetric analysis.The results show that the addition of APP to PF can improve its flame retardancy and heat resistance.The peak heat release rate(PHRR)and total heat release(THR)decrease with the increase of APP content at a heat radiation intensity of 60 kW/m_(2).When the addition amount of APP is 20%,the PHRR of the modified PF decreases from 90.44 kW/m_(2)to 11.92 kW/m_(2).Under both flameless and flame conditions,the smoke density of modified PF increases with the addition of APP,and the transmittance decreases.When the heating rate is 5℃/min,the pyrolysis temperature of modified PF gradually increases with the increase of APP content.However,when the addition amount of APP is low(≤5%),the pyrolysis characteristics of modified PF at different heating rates are not significantly different from those of pure PF.When the heating rate is≥30℃/min,the residual carbon formed by the pyrolysis products of APP and PF does not pyrolyze at 800℃.When the addition amount of APP is 10%~15%,the modified PF has good flame retardancy and fire resistance.

关 键 词：酚醛泡沫 聚磷酸铵 热稳定性 燃烧性能 

分 类 号：TQ328[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]