大沽河流域微塑料在不同介质中的空间分布及其潜在来源探究  

Spatial distribution and potential sources of microplastics in different media of Dagu River basin

作　　者：张鹏举 蓝洁 张凯璇 张大海[1] 李先国[1] ZHANG Pengju;LAN Jie;ZHANG Kaixuan;ZHANG Dahai;LI Xianguo(Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao,261000,China;Qingdao Institute of Scientific&Technical Information,Qingdao,266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,青岛261000 [2]青岛市科学技术信息研究院,青岛266003

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第12期4093-4103,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41276067);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201861015)资助.

摘　　要：微塑料作为一种新型污染物已对环境健康构成了严重威胁.为调查微塑料在城市河流不同介质中的污染特征及其迁移规律,并基于城市中不同功能区的划分探究微塑料的潜在来源,以青岛大沽河为例,在2020年6月对表层水和沉积物进行取样分析.结果表明,大沽河表层水和沉积物中微塑料丰度分别为0.6—3.8 items·L^(−1)和60—480 items·kg^(−1),表层水体中大粒径微塑料(>3 mm)占比最多,为28.95%,而沉积物中小粒径微塑料(0.5—1 mm)占比最多,为40.48%;大沽河微塑料颜色以深色系为主(黑色、蓝色和红色),形状主要是纤维状,材质主要是人造丝、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚乙烯;表层水和沉积物中,微塑料丰度之间并无相关性,但微塑料在流域空间分布上存在迁移转化过程,并发现沉积物是城市河流微塑料的初始汇.通过多重对应分析技术对大沽河流域不同功能区微塑料的颜色、粒径、聚合物成分和形状四个变量建立相关性模型,可以进一步溯源微塑料的源头.结果表明,无论水体还是沉积物,微塑料的来源因区域不同存在差异,但同一区域水体和沉积物中来源类似,具有受本地输入影响的明显特征.As a new type of pollutant,microplastics(MPs)pose a serious threat to environmental health.To investigate the pollution characteristics and migration of MPs in different media of urban rivers,and to explore the potential sources of MPs in different functional areas,the surface water and sediment samples of Dagu River in Qingdao area were collected in June 2021 and analyzed for MPs.The results showed that the average abundance of MPs in surface water and sediment of Dagu River was 0.6—3.8 items·L−1 and 60—480 items·kg−1,respectively.Microplastics with large particle size(>3 mm)accounted for the most in surface water(28.95%),while MPs with smaller particle size(0.5—1 mm)accounted for the most in sediment(40.48%).In Dagu River,MPs were predominantly dark(black,blue and red)in color,and the polymer types were mainly rayon,polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene,with fibers being the most frequently detected shape of MPs.There was no correlation between the abundance of MPs in surface water and that in sediment.However,a spatial migration was evident,as revealed in the distribution of MPs.It was found that sediment might be the initial sink of MPs in urban rivers.To further trace the sources of MPs in Dagu river basin,a correlation model was established according to multiple correspondence analysis based on the characteristics of MPs,namely,the color,particle size,polymer composition and shape of MPs in different functional areas.The results showed that the sources of MPs variated depending on the functional areas of the region,no matter in water or in sediment.However,the sources of MPs in water were similar to those in sediment.This is an apparent indication that MPs in the basin was influenced by local inputs.

关 键 词：微塑料 空间分布 来源 相关性模型 大沽河 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]