大气中硝基多环芳烃的污染特征和环境行为研究综述  

Review on pollution characteristics and environmental behaviors of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air

作　　者：缑亚峰 谢鸣捷 陈静[1] GOU Yafeng;XIE Mingjie;CHEN Jing(College of Environment and Ecology,Chongqing University,Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment,Ministry of Education,Chongqing,400044,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control,Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology,Nanjing,210044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学环境与生态学院,三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室,江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第12期4135-4150,共16页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42177211)资助。

摘　　要：环境空气中的硝基多环芳烃(nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,NPAHs)因致癌和致突变属性受到人们的广泛关注.本文总结了国内外关于环境空气中NPAHs的组成特征、时空分布、粒径分布、气固分配、来源和毒性效应的研究.我国城市地区大气环境中的NPAHs浓度常高于农村地区;受生物质燃烧和机动车排放的影响,9-硝基蒽对城市地区NPAHs浓度的贡献占比最高.尽管NPAHs在夏季存在二次源,不利的气象条件和升高的一次排放导致我国大气中NAPHs的峰值常出现在秋、冬季节.NPAHs因蒸气压较低主要分布在颗粒物中,而颗粒态NPAHs主要分布在亚微米级颗粒物中(Dp<1μm).低分子量NPAHs(例如,1N-NAP和2N-NAP)可随着温度变化经蒸发、冷凝过程迁移至粗颗粒物(Dp>2.5μm).根据考虑不同气固分配机制模型的气固分配系数模拟结果,吸附作用在NAPHs的气固分配过程中不应被忽略.NPAHs的来源包括化石和生物质燃料的不完全燃烧,以及母体PAHs在大气中的二次反应过程.相关性分析和特征比值常用于推断NPAHs的主要来源,但无法量化NPAHs的源贡献分布.根据环境空气中NPAHs的毒性风险评估结果,颗粒物中NPAHs对所有PAHs衍生物致突变性和致癌性的贡献比其质量占比高数倍,并且因毒性累积效应对成年人具有更高的致癌风险.为进一步了解NPAHs的环境行为,合理评估其健康效应,有必要在将来的研究中完善NPAHs的排放信息,厘清NPAHs在环境中的迁移转化过程.Ambient nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(NPAHs)have been investigated intensively due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.In this work,studies in chemical composition,spatial and temporal distributions,particle size distributions,gas-particle partitioning,sources,and toxic effects of NPAHs were summarized.The concentrations of ambient NPAHs in urban areas were usually higher than those in rural areas.Due to the influences of biomass burning and motor vehicle emissions,9-nitroanthracene had the highest contributions to ambient NPAHs in urban areas.Although NPAHs have secondary sources in summer,their peak concentrations often appear in fall and winter because of adverse meteorological conditions and elevated primary emissions.NPAHs mainly exist in the particle phase owing to their low vapor pressures,and particulate NPAHs were primarily enriched in submicron particles(Dp<1μm).Low molecular weight NPAHs(such as 1N-NAP and 2N-NAP)can shift toward coarse particles(Dp>2.5μm)through evaporation and condensation processes with varied temperatures.According to the modeling results of gas-particle partitioning coefficients considering different mechanisms,the adsorption of NPAHs on PM surfaces should not be neglected in the gas-particle partitioning process.Incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels and secondary reactions of parent PAHs are the main sources of NPAHs in the atmosphere.Correlation analysis and diagnostic ratios were typical methods used to indicate the main sources of NPAHs,but they were unable to determine the contribution distributions of NPAH sources.According to the toxicity risk assessment of ambient NPAHs,the contributions of NPAHs in particulate matter to the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of all PAH derivatives were several times higher than their mass fractions.Due to the cumulative effect of toxicity,NPAHs had a higher carcinogenic risk in adults.To further understand the environmental behaviors and health effects of NPAHs,it is necessary to improve their source inv

关 键 词：硝基多环芳烃 时空分布 气固分配 源解析 毒性 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]