西北盐湖流域地下水重金属的污染特征及健康风险  

Pollution characteristics and health risks of groundwater from heavy metals in Northwest Salt Lake Basin

作　　者：艳艳 高瑞忠[1] 刘廷玺[1] 房丽晶 王银龙 YAN Yan;GAO Ruizhong;LIU Tingxi;FANG Lijing;WANG Yinlong(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第12期4217-4228,共12页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：内蒙古科技攻关项目(2019GG141);国家自然科学基金(51969022,52169004)资助。

摘　　要：为探究西北内陆盐湖流域地下水中重金属元素的分布特征及对人体健康的潜在风险,以内蒙古吉兰泰盐湖盆地重金属风险区域为研究对象,采集地下水样并测试分析pH、TDS、8种离子等物化指标及Cr^(6+)、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb等重金属含量,揭示重金属空间分布特征,解析重金属分布控制因素,评价重金属污染风险水平,检验离子同源性及判别健康风险程度.结果表明,盐湖流域地下水中重金属元素平均浓度大小依次为Cr^(6+)>Zn>Cu>As>Pb>Cd,其中局部区域出现Cr^(6+)和As超出地下水质量标准(GB/T 14848—2017)Ⅲ类水标准限值;地下水中重金属含量分布具有显著的空间差异性,高值区主要集中流域西北侧和盐湖盆地西南侧;流域地下水总体处于安全清洁的状态,仅在东南部分区域出现轻度污染,不存在中度和重度污染;Cr^(6+)、Cr和Cu具有一定的同源性,Zn、Cd和Pb来源相似或迁移转化过程相近,地下水重金属的分布主要受岩土矿物、气象和水文因素等天然因素的影响,多种离子成分因相似的环境地球化学作用控制而迁移演化;化学致癌重金属通过饮水途径对人体健康风险超过非致癌物,儿童接触重金属后导致的健康风险比成人高;区域Cr^(6+)健康风险值6.2×10−5 a−1小于美国环保署(US EPA)但大于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平,非致癌物重金属平均健康风险呈现出Cu>Pb>Zn,均远低于ICRP推荐的最大可接受水平.Exploring the distribution characteristics of heavy metal in groundwater and its potential risks to human health were conducive to utilize and protect the groundwater and salinization resources effectively.In this paper,taking the heavy metal risk area of Jilantai Salt Lake Basin in Inner Mongolia as the study area,the physicochemical indicators such as pH,TDS,eight major ions,Cr^(6+),Cu,Zn,As,Cd,and Pb in the groundwater samples were tested and analyzed.The spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals were revealed and its control factors were analyzed;the risk level of heavy metal pollution were evaluated;the degree of health risk and the homology of ions were judged.The results showed that the rank of heavy metals concentration in groundwater were Cr^(6+)>Zn>Cu>As>Pb>Cd,and Cr^(6+)and As in local areas exceeded the class III limits of the groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2017);the distribution of heavy metals existed significant spatial differences,and the high-value areas mainly located in the northwest and the southwest of the basin;totally,the groundwater were safe and clean,and only slight pollution in the southeast part were founded;Cr^(6+),Cr and Cu have certain homology,Zn,Cd and Pb have similar sources or similar migration and transformation processes;the distribution of heavy metals were mainly influenced by natural factors such as geotechnical minerals,meteorological and hydrological factors,and the ionic components migrated and evolved under the control of similar environmental geochemistry;the health risks from the chemical carcinogenic heavy metals through drinking water were higher than non-carcinogens,and the health risks to children's from heavy metals were higher than adults;the health risk value of Cr^(6+)were 6.2×10−5 a−1,which was lower than the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA),but exceeded the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP);the rank of health risk from non-carcinogenic heavy metals

关 键 词：盐湖盆地 地下水 重金属 健康风险 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4